Herbivores and fungal pathogens are key drivers of plant community composition and functioning. The effects of herbivores and pathogens are mediated by the diversity and functional characteristics of their host plants. However, the combined effects of herbivory and pathogen damage, and their consequences for plant performance, have not yet been addressed in the context of biodiversity-ecosystem...

Predictive frameworks for performance under both physical and social stressors are available, but no general framework yet exists for predicting the performance of animals exposed to pathogens. The aim of this paper was to identify the key problems that would need to be solved to achieve this. Challenges of a range of hosts by a range of pathogens were reviewed to consider reductions in growth ...

The successful pathogen targets host defenses at multiple points; indeed, the number of targets and the breadth of strategies for disarming these defenses are quite amazing. To target host defenses, the pathogen secretes effector proteins, which act to suppress defenses and to manipulate host metabolism to favor pathogen growth and transmission (reviewed in Hogenhout et al., 2009). To protect t...

Oleander (Nerium oleander L.) is a popular woody ornamental plant, often used for decorating public areas, terraces and gardens. Many diseases may decrease in the value of these plantings. Between 2018 2020, plant pathogenic bacteria were examined, many samples infected plants collected from different sites Hungary. Two non-pigmented Serratia marcescens isolates identified by classical molecula...

It is accepted that irrigation water is a potential carrier of enteric pathogens, such as Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 and, therefore, a source for contamination of fresh produce. We tested this by comparing irrigation water samples taken from five different greenhouses in Belgium. The water samples were inoculated with four zoonotic strains, two Salmonella and two E. coli O157:H7 strains, an...

Host-associated bacterial communities can function as an important line of defence against pathogens in animals and plants. Empirical evidence and theoretical predictions suggest that species-rich communities are more resistant to pathogen invasions. Yet, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we experimentally test how the underlying resource competition networks of resident bacterial co...

Valine glycine repeat G (VgrG) proteins are regarded as one of two effectors of Type VI secretion system (T6SS) which is a complex multi-component secretion system. In this study, potential biological roles of T6SS structural and VgrG genes in a rice bacterial pathogen, Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae (Aaa) RS-1, were evaluated under seven stress conditions using principle component analysis of...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a pivotal role in regulating gene expression during plant development. Although a substantial fraction of plant miRNAs has proven responsive to pathogen infection, their role in disease resistance remains largely unknown, especially during fungal infections. In this study, we screened Arabidopsis thaliana lines in which miRNA activity has been reduced using artificial mi...

biological efficacy of trichoderma species may differ due to variations in ecosystems. this study was conducted to assess the biocontrol efficacy of some native trichoderma isolates against fusarium oxysporum, an important causal agent of potato wilt disease under laboratory and greenhouse conditions in shahrood agricultural research center, shahrood, iran during 2006-2007. fourteen isolates we...

Duck beak atrophy and dwarfism syndrome (BADS) is a newly emerged disease in China since 2015. In October 2017, an unidentified disease occurred in Cherry Valley ducks, Chongqing municipality, the southwest of China. The affected birds showed short beak and growth retardation clinical signs. The disease caused approximately 20.00% morbidity and serious weight loss due to retarded growth. In ord...