This paper examines the social relations of production at a British metal-trades firm throughout the 19th century. The case study reveals the existence of two distinct political apparatuses, or regimes, identified in previous literature, that govern production relations. The first regime, between 1791 and 1867, is described as patriarchal because production is organized around adult, male, inte...

Electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) entered clinical medical practice at the same time bioethics became reality. Bioethics changed the medical ethics landscape by replacing the traditional Hippocratic benign paternalism with patient autonomy, informed consent, beneficence, and nonmaleficence. But EFM use represents the polar opposite of bioethics' revered principles-it has been documented for hal...

We study experimentally when, why, and how people intervene in others’ choices. Choice Architects (CAs) construct opportunity sets containing bundles of time-indexed payments for Choosers. CAs frequently prevent impatient choices despite opportunities to provide advice, believing Choosers benefit. They violate common behavioral welfare criteria by removing options even when all payoffs are dela...

In this paper the authors argue that research ethics committees (RECs) should not be paternalistic by rejecting research that poses risk to people competent to decide for themselves. However it is important they help to ensure valid consent is sought from potential recruits and protect vulnerable people who cannot look after their own best interests. The authors first describe the tragic deaths...

tered the term, “shared decision making” (SDM) for the first time. It was in a paper that stated that a doctor needs to use SDM before instituting an antipsychotic drug with a “black box warning” to treat psychotic symptoms in people with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). DLB is a variant of Parkinson’s disease (PD) in which dementia precedes motor signs, whereas PD with dementia starts with mot...