introduction: cholinergic systems are involved in learning and memory. scopolamine, a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, is used as a standard/ reference drug for inducing cognitive deficits in healthy humans and animals. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of scopolamine on avoidance memory and number of neurons in rat’s hippocampus. . methods: thirty five male alb...

background: it has been reported that epilepsy is a disorder of the central nervous system that causes memory impairment. this study examines the role of the aqueous extract of boswellia on the learning disability of the pentylenetetrazol (ptz)‑induced kindled rats. methods: in this experimental study, 64 male rats were used. kindling seizures were induced by three injections of 25 mg/kg of ptz...

introduction:with increasing threats of weapons of mass destruction (wmd) in future war especially biological threats against our country necessity of using novel technologies in crisis management against new warfare’s is very important. passive defense as a peaceful and preventive strategy without any warfare is able to not only monitor the prospect of new warfare specially biological warfare ...

in this paper, the electrochemical behaviour of passive films formed on aisi 321 stainless steel (aisi 321)immersed in 0.1 m naoh + 0.1 m koh solution was evaluated by different electrochemical techniques. forthis purpose, passive films were formed at open circuit potential for 1 to 12 hours and then electrochemicalmeasurements were done. the polarization curves suggested that aisi 321 showed e...

What goes into motivating students to take effective action? Ideally, are not only motivated invest time their studying, but that they use in and productive ways. In the present study, we surveyed college undergraduates ( N = 366) about how engage one of courses. Specifically, explored motivation-related implicit beliefs ease difficulty mindsets, intelligence mindset; Dweck, 2000 ; Fisher Oyser...

conclusions considering the level of learning motivation among the students in aspects of self-efficacy conception, self-management, and communication abilities, it is recommended to provide programs to develop these characteristics by cooperative learning method based on social constructivism theory. patients and methods this descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on the rehabilitatio...

Education – education and upbringing is the most noble responsible sphere of human activity precisely because here a person formed as person, his/her world outlook culture are intertwined, foundations future profession, career, life success laid. The rapid development modern world, course, influences character mental work individual requires constant improvement abilities, skills aimed at produ...

background: the effect of smoking cigarettes is followed by diverse effects on ovaries and developing follicles but the effect of passive smoking on ovarian function is unknown. on the other hand, the ovarian response to induction is a very important step in assisted reproduction. the aim of this study is to compare ovarian response in passive smokers and non-passive smokers in an assisted repr...

PURPOSE To identify and interpret differences between resident and faculty perceptions of resident autonomy and of faculty support of resident autonomy. METHOD Parallel questionnaires were sent to pediatric residents and faculty at the University of Rochester Medical Center in 2011. Items addressed self-determination theory (SDT) constructs (autonomy, competence, relatedness) and asked reside...