Gonococcal infections of relatively long duration were produced in guinea pigs with minimal infective doses ranging from 10(1) to 10(2) colony-forming units. After spontaneous eradication and upon rechallenge with >/=10(8) gonococcal colony-forming units, guinea pigs were refractory to infection. Serum from these guinea pigs was bactericidal in vitro and protected virgin guinea pigs from in viv...

Two-fluid natural-convection flow in the horizontal cylindrical annulus and its effect on mass transfer through the liquid-liquid interface of two immiscible fluids are studied numerically. The liquids are stratified by gravity, with the denser one occupying the lower part of the annulus. The convective motion is driven by heating of the inner or outer cylindrical boundary. It is shown that the...

[1] Annually averaged cloud properties, cloud radiative effects, and cloud radiative heating from 20° × 20° latitude‐longitude regions in the Southern Ocean (50°S, 135°W) and the North Atlantic (55°N, 25°W) are compared using quantities derived from measurements collected by active and passive remote sensors in the NASA A‐Train. The algorithm suite used to infer cloud properties along the nadir...

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)-related heating for certain implants may be excessive, causing substantial patient injury. The determination of implant heating is particularly challenging because of the numerous variables that must be considered in order to properly identify both MRIand implant-related conditions that can impact the findings (1,2). Therefore, I applaud the recent commentary by...

This study tested the hypothesis that passive heating impairs cerebral autoregulation. Transfer function analyses of resting arterial blood pressure and middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCA V(mean)), as well as MCA V(mean) and blood pressure responses to rapid deflation of previously inflated thigh cuffs, were examined in nine healthy subjects under normothermic and passive heat stress (i...

An initial-value problem is employed with a GCM to investigate the role of the convectively driven Rossby and Kelvin waves for tropopause-transition-layer (TTL) upwelling in the tropics. The convective heating is mimicked with a prescribed heating field and the Lagrangian upwelling is identified by examining the evolution of passive tracer fields whose initial distribution is identical to the i...

The impact of model microphysics on the retrieval of cloud properties based on passive microwave observations was examined using a three-dimensional, nonhydrostatic, adaptive-grid cloud model to simulate a mesoscale convective system over ocean. Two microphysical schemes, based on similar bulk two-class liquid and three-class ice parameterizations, were used to simulate storms with differing am...