We consider the resource bounded quantum circuit model with circuits restricted by the number of qubits they act upon and by their depth. Focusing on natural universal sets of gates which are familiar from classical circuit theory, several new lower bounds for constant depth quantum circuits are proved. The main result is that parity (and hence fanout) requires log depth quantum circuits, when ...

Aims: It is the objective of this article to investigate the accessory ethmoidal foramina, located in the medial wall of the orbit, adjacent to the anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina. Previous studies have shown that there is significant variation in the number and location of the fronto-ethmoidal foramina, causing potential complications during surgery. This study aims to identify acces...

Background: This study aims to investigate radiation beam geometry of Cyberknife beam and change in dosimetric characteristics of six megavoltage (6MV) flattening filter free (FFF) beam after passing through high density cadmium free compensator alloy.Material and Methods: In this experimental study, changes in FFF beam dosimetric characteristics after passing through compensator alloy wa...

The use of parity-check gates in information theory has proved to be very effi cient. In particular, error correcting codes based on parity checks over lowdensity graphs show excellent performances. Another basic issue of information theory, namely data compression, can be addressed in a similar way by a kind of dual approach. The theoretical performance of such a parity source coder can attain...

Introduction Relative dose computation is a necessary step in radiation treatment planning. Therefore, finding an approach that is both fast and accurate seems to be necessary. The purpose of this work was to investigate the feasibility of natural cubic spline to reconstruct dose maps for linear accelerator radiation treatment fields in comparison with those of the simulation. Materials and Met...

Old hydroelectric power stations often provide unsafe migration routes to fish, apart from passing through mobile gates during high flow. The installation of retrofitted bypass is considered be a potential solution improve fish passage at such old structures, but their performances are insufficient. In the Amblève River (Belgium), 3.3 m dam feeds two principal Francis turbines (12 + 14 m3 s?1) ...