Dendromass remains the largest biomass energy source today. Dendromass has a lot of advantages in comparison with fossil fuels. One important benefit is reduced SO2 and NOx formation through a decrease in fuel bound sulfur and nitrogen respectively. One of applications of dendromass are wood pellets. Using of additives can affect some properties of wood pellets include combustion and production...

Usually, in vivo light absorption spectra of photosynthetic bacteria are obtained by measuring cell suspensions in glass or quartz cuvettes. In such arrangements, however, the scattering of light by the suspensions as well as sedimentation or even swarming behavior of motile cells (N. Pfennig, Arch. Mikrobiol. 42:90, 1962) may give rise to various errors. The error caused by light scattering in...

an air filter is a significant element of any mechanical ventilation system. however, the importance and performance evaluation of air filters have not been well publicized and related scientific reports are scarce. in this study, a transportable, off-line, air filter-testing unit (the unit) was designed and utilized to simulate the filter housing of a mechanical ventilation system. the unit wa...

Within wireless base station system design, manufacturers continue to seek ways to add value and performance while increasing differentiation. Transmit/receive functionality has become an area of focus as designers attempt to address the need to move data from very high frequency sample rates to chip processing rates. Digital Up Converter (DUC) and Digital Down Converter (DDC) are used as sampl...

Local dip filters attenuate or enhance features with a specified dip that may vary for each image sample. Because these multi-dimensional filters change with each sample, they should have a small number of coefficients that can be computed efficiently from local dips. They should handle features that are vertical as well as horizontal. They should have efficient and stable inverses that facilit...

The class of median filters has been extended to include weighted order statistics (WOS) filters, to improve the flexibility of the filtering operation. The WOS filter weights each input within a sample window, and thus retains the original temporal order information. In this paper, we present efficient VLSI architectures for nonrecursive and recursive WOS filters based on (i) array (ii) stack ...

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of engine operating conditions and exhaust aftertreatments on the mutagenicity of diesel particulate matter (DPM) collected directly in an underground mine environment. A number of after-treatment devices are currently used on diesel engines in mines, but it is critical to determine whether reductions in DPM concentrations result in a correspo...

UNLABELLED Quick information on airborne infectious disease transmission in airliner cabins is essential to reduce the risk of infection of passengers and crew members. This investigation proposed a one-dimensional analytical model that can predict the longitudinal transmission of airborne contaminants or disease viruses inside an airliner cabin. The model considered both diffusive and convecti...

Much of human exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) of outdoor origin occurs in residences. High-efficiency particle air filtration in central heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems is increasingly being used to reduce concentrations of particulate matter inside homes. However, questions remain about the effectiveness of filtration for reducing exposures to PM2.5 of out...

A new digestion technique is presented for simultaneous analysis of particulate organic nitrogen (PON) and particulate organic phosphorus (POP) collected on filters. This method is based on a standard persulfate digestion procedure at 120°C and adapted from a former method for the simultaneous determinat~on of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in natural waters. Comparisons 1~1th usual method...