The Qatari government has increasingly supported education of Qatar residents on the importance physical activity, along with developing and improving sport infrastructure, bidding for hosting a collection events. Despite these efforts, number challenges inherent to may hinder participation among country's residents. current research examines constraints activity described by participants in ev...

Endogeneous Household Interaction Most econometric models of intrahousehold behavior assume that household decisionmaking is efficient, i.e., utility realizations lie on the Pareto frontier. In this paper we investigate this claim by adding a number of participation constraints to the household allocation problem. Short-run constraints ensure that each spouse obtains a utility level at least eq...

Complete row and column symmetry breaking in constraint models using the lex leader method is generally prohibitively costly. Double lex, which is derived from lex leader, is commonly used in practice as an incomplete symmetrybreaking method for row and column symmetries. Double lex is based on a rowwise canonical variable ordering. However, this choice is arbitrary. We investigate other canoni...

this research focuses on the role of the environmental nongovernmental organizations in iran and also the evaluation of their performance in achieving public participation to protect environment. findings of this research .reveal that so far these organizations have lacked the ability to prepare the context for people involvement in environmental conservation, which is due to several major cons...

Innovation platforms are established to facilitate open communication and collaboration among various actors usually within a value chain to promote collective resource management. The concept of innovation platform as a strategy of entry point for operationalization, validation and dissemination of agricultural technology have received much attention in recent times among researchers in Ghana....

Background & Aims: Physical activity in leisure time can increase life expectancy in disabled people via increasing freshness, communicating with others, and participating in community activities and can prevent withdrawal and malaise. The aim of this research was surveying on barriers for wheelchair-user disabled people in their recreational activities in southeast of Iran. Methods: In functio...

Social media plays an important role in the process of political engagement, especially in societies where significant constraints over traditional media and participation still exist. Little is known about how social media use is related to these constraints. This study examines how citizens’ perceptions of government control predict social media use and how this use is related to offline part...

Community participation is regarded as an important tool for successful tourism planning. Western scholars generally agree that active community participation in the decision making process will benefit local communities. However, in developing countries, such participation is difficult to put into practice because of shortcomings in structural and operational limitations in the tourism develop...