The results of this study confirmed that dogs vaccinated subcutaneously with a commercially available multivalent vaccine containing modified-live canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type 2, canine parvovirus type 2b, and canine parainfluenza virus antigens were protected against sequential experimental challenge 55 to 57 months after initial vaccination given at 7 to 8 weeks of age. All ...

Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV-3) is an airborne pathogen that infects the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract. In the present study we investigated the interaction of HPIV-3 with the type II alveolar human lung polarized epithelial A549 cells. Although HPIV-3 entry and budding were bidirectional from both the apical and the basolateral domains, HPIV-3 exhibited preferential entry...

Besides the classic canine viruses causing distemper, infectious hepatitis (canine adenovirus type I ; CAV,) and rabies a number of viruses have been isolated from dogs (5). Some of these were known to occur in other species, like parainfluenza type 2 (PI2; SV,), mumps virus, REOvirus type 1, ECHOvirus type 6, Coxsackie B viruses (types 1, 3 and 5), eastern and western equine encephalitis virus...

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, febrile and multisystem vasculitis of early childhood with a striking predilection for the coronary arteries. In developed countries, the incidence of KD has replaced acute rheumatic fever as the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children. The etiologic agent of KD remains unknown, although clinical and epidemiologic features strongly indicate an infe...

The incorporation of hyperimmune serum into cell culture medium to control endogenous viral infections of primary cells can have a significant effect on the replication of other viruses. When commercial simian virus 5 or simian virus 40 antiserum was used with primary monkey kidney cell cultures, we found a significant inhibition (greater than 90%) of the replication of parainfluenza virus type...

Viral etiologies of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) have been less studied in adult than in pediatric populations. Furthermore, the ability of PCR/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) to detect enteroviruses and rhinoviruses in respiratory samples has not been well evaluated. We sought to use PCR/ESI-MS to comprehensively investigate the viral epidemiology of adult RTIs, i...

Two consecutive nosocomial outbreaks of parainfluenza 3, in which 5 of 15 infected patients died, occurred in an adult bone marrow transplant unit. Parainfluenza 3 strain variation was assessed by reverse transcription-PCR sequencing of part of the parainfluenza 3 F gene, including the noncoding region, directly from clinical samples. Sequence data from the outbreaks were compared with those fr...