The concept of alliance or preferably ‘alignment’, as I shall explain below – is central to the conduct of international politics, and thus the discipline of International Relations (IR). Duffield et al. (2008: 291) identify that ‘Alliances are one of the most significant phenomena in security studies and world politics more generally’, while Modelski (1963: 773) considers them ‘one of a dozen ...

This article focuses on the connection between the ideology of neo-Malthusianism and development theory and practice from the mid 1940s to the present. First identified by a few demographic experts, population policies and family planning gradually turned into a global movement for the control of world population. From the beginning, population discourses and policies were intertwined with stra...

one of the modern paradigms to develop an application is object oriented analysis and design. in this paradigm, there are several objects and each object plays some specific roles in applications. in an application, we must distinguish between procedural semantics and declarative semantics for their implementation in a specific programming language. for the procedural semantics, we can write a ...

Stemming from a variety of methodological and practical needs and various degrees of understanding, the current practices in the field of intellectual capital (IC) reporting vary from case to case. Nevertheless, almost all of the IC models in use seem to prioritise the “measuring paradigm”, that is, the calculation, numbering, ranking, and quantification of IC and/or its sub-categories. We reit...