OBJECTIVE To report our experience with the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap (PMF) for the reconstruction of composite lateral temporal bone defects extending beyond the temporal line. DESIGN Retrospective review and illustration of specific technical modifications. SETTING Academic tertiary care center. PATIENTS Eight patients with composite lateral skull base defects that were reconst...

The thoracodorsal artery perforator flap is a relatively new flap that has yet to find its niche in reconstructive surgery. At the authors' institution it has been used for limb salvage, head and neck reconstruction, and trunk reconstruction in cases related to trauma, burns, and malignancy. The authors have found the flap to be advantageous for cranial base reconstruction and for resurfacing t...

The structure and innervation of the papilla incisiva (papilla palatina) of the shrew, Sorex unguiculatus were studied by light and electron microscopy. The papillary region of the shrew consists of the papilla proper and two epithelial processes. The main part of the papilla, with the epithelial processes, lies anterior to the incisors and is thus in the vestibulum oris. The papilla is compose...

Trinucleotide repeat (TNR) expansion is responsible for numerous human neurodegenerative diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Recent studies have shown that DNA base excision repair (BER) can mediate TNR expansion and deletion by removing base lesions in different locations of a TNR tract, indicating that BER can promote or prevent TNR expansion in a damage location-depe...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Extirpation via expanded endonasal approaches (EEA) to the skull base can result in defects requiring vascularized rotational flap reconstruction. The buccal fat pad (BFP) is a vascularized graft described in open skull base resections, but its harvest and adequacy of vascular supply have not been examined for use with EEA. STUDY DESIGN A transfacial cadaveric dissection...

Background: The last decades have witnessed remarkable progress in the field of endoscopic skull base surgery. The nose has become an established route for addressing different skull base lesions. The reconstruction after resection is a critical step for optimum surgical outcome. Objective: Evaluation of the difference in the clinical outcomes between the use of vascularized flaps and free graf...

The avian basilar papilla is tonotopically organized such that hair cells along the sensory epithelium respond best to acoustic stimulation at differing frequencies. This specificity arises due to the mechanics of the cochlea itself and intrinsic electrical properties of the hair cells. Tall hair cells show membrane voltage oscillations in response to step current injection that may allow cells...

Objective: There are many approaches to nipple-areola complex reconstruction. Tissue quality and thickness, desired nipple location and size, scar position, and surgeon preference all play a role in selecting a technique. We present the rectangle-to-cube nipple flap, a new technique for challenging nipple reconstruction. A review of published techniques is compared and contrasted with this flap...