references 1. juckett g, hartman-adams h. human papillomavirus: clinical manifestations and prevention. american family physician. 2010; 82(10): 1209-14. 2. world health organization. human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer, 2012. [http://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statis tics/en_whs2012_full.pdf ] 3. forouzanfar mh, foreman kj, delossantos am, lozano r, lopez ad, murr...

BACKGROUND Cervical cancer, although usually preventable by Pap smear screening, remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in Peru. The percentages and characteristics of women in Peru who have or have not had a Pap smear have not been defined. METHODS In an urban community randomized trial of sexually transmitted infection (STI)/HIV prevention in Peru, 6712 randomly sele...

OBJECTIVE To review a 1995 Pap smear screening program at Burnaby Correctional Centre for Women (BCCW). METHOD 129 inmates (15%), were screened in BCCW in 1995. General population data were obtained from the British Columbia Cervical Cytology Screening Program (BC CCSP) Registry. RESULTS BCCW inmates aged 25-29 years were 11 times more likely to have high grade cytologic abnormalities on Pa...

To investigate attitudes and beliefs that affect a woman's decision to undergo cervical smear screening, we carried out a survey of 760 women attending general obstetrics and gynaecology clinics in Irbid, Jordan between June 2004 and April 2005. Knowledge of cervical cancer and the Pap smear test was inadequate in less-educated and older patients. Of the 109 women who had previously had the tes...

BACKGROUND A screening programme for cervical cancer has been implemented in South Africa (SA) with intervals of 10 years after a normal cytological result. There are no studies that evaluate repeat screening at a shorter interval in SA. OBJECTIVES (i) To find the incidence of cytological abnormalities on a repeat test after a report of normal cytology or an inadequate Pap smear; and (ii) to ...

BACKGROUND Assessment of the nursing staff knowledge, attitude and practices about cervical cancer screening in a tertiary care teaching institute of rural India. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross sectional, descriptive, interview- based survey was conducted with a pretested questionnaire among 262 staff nurses of a tertiary care teaching and research institute. RESULTS In this study 77% respon...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the attitudes and acceptability of self-administered cervicovaginal sampling compared with conventional physician-acquired Papanicolaou (Pap) smear among multiethnic Malaysian women. METHOD A cross-sectional study was carried out via interviewer-administered surveys from August 2013 through August 2015 at five government-run, urban health...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to examine, in a population not submitted to mass screening, the risk of cancer and cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) in Pap smears from women without previously reported positive smears. METHODS In a logistic regression model consisting of 58,271 smears from 40,536 Norwegian women the risk of cytologically indicated CIN was studied according to ag...

PURPOSE This study explores clinician Papanicolaou (Pap) smear collection and management strategies in light of current research, guidelines, and recommendations. METHODS Two hundred thirty eligible obstetrician/gynecologists, family physicians, and advance practice nurses in Dane County, Wisconsin completed a survey. Descriptive statistics. RESULTS The wooden spatula is most frequently (68...