BACKGROUND Some island nations have explicit components of their influenza pandemic plans for providing travel warnings and restricting incoming travellers. But the potential value of such restrictions has not been quantified. METHODS We developed a probabilistic model and used parameters from a published model (i.e., InfluSim) and travel data from Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PI...

In Italy, the arrival of the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus triggered an integrated response that was mainly based on the 2006 National Pandemic Preparedness and Response Plan. In this article we analyse the main activities implemented for epidemiological surveillance, containment and mitigation of the pandemic influenza and the lesson learned from this experience. Overall, from week 31 ...

The Influenza Pandemic of 1918-1919, also called Spanish Flu Pandemic, was one of the severest pandemics in history. It is thought that the First World War much influenced the spread of the pandemic. In this paper, we model the pandemic considering both civil and military traffic. We propose a hybrid model to determine how the pandemic spread through the world. Our approach considers both the S...

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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has inflicted tremendous pressure on people, including older adults. Frail older adults are more susceptible to the adverse consequences of the pandemic. Although many studies have investigated the susceptibility and poor medical outcomes of COVID-19 in frail people, a few studies have explored the psychosocial effects of the pandemic on this group of vulnera...

D the past 2 years, back-to-back epidemics of Ebola and Zika have stunned even seasoned public health officials with unprecedented levels of illness and death that have been associated with these events. Both viruses, previously thought to cause only limited outbreaks, surprised the people of the world with a seemingly sudden ability to spread across multiple countries and cause illness in new,...

1.1 Pandemic Outbreak Visualisation There has been a significant amount of work in the area of epidemic and pandemic disease visualisation, particularly as this domain may be crucial to the survival of the human species. A pandemic disease is one that spreads to be prevalent over a whole country or the world, as opposed to an epidemic disease which is more local on a city scale or smaller. Natu...

In April 2009, a new influenza A virus, pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza, was identified in Mexico and the United States of America. The NSW response was co-ordinated by the Public Health Emergency Operations Centre through an incident control structure that included planning, operations and logistics teams with designated roles and responsibilities for the public health response. The emphasis of...

An influenza pandemic represents one of the greatest acute infectious threats to health. The 1918–1919 influenza pandemic caused an estimated 500,000 deaths in the United States, making it the most fatal event in all of US history. The spread of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza across much of Asia creates a substantial risk of igniting the next pandemic. In 2004, 44 human cases caused by ...

Influenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus continues to rapidly spread worldwide. In 2009, pandemic (H1N1) 2009 infection in a domestic cat from Iowa was diagnosed by a novel PCR assay that distinguishes between Eurasian and North American pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus matrix genes. Human-to-cat transmission is presumed.