MASH1 and MASH2, mammalian homologues of the Drosophila neural determination genes achaete-scute, are members of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors. We show here that murine P19 embryonal carcinoma cells can be used as a model system to study the regulation and function of these genes. MASH1 and MASH2 display complementary patterns of expression during the retinoi...

RNA silencing in plants likely exists as a defense mechanism against molecular parasites such as RNA viruses, retrotransposons, and transgenes. As a result, many plant viruses have adapted mechanisms to evade and suppress gene silencing. Tombusviruses express a 19 kDa protein (p19), which has been shown to suppress RNA silencing in vivo and bind silencing-generated and synthetic small interferi...

e-cadherin is among tumor suppressor genes which mostly subjects to the down-regulation in squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus (scce). the gene is tightly associated with the tumor invasion and metastasis in multiple human cancers, especially scce. cpg islands’ methylation in the promoter region of e-cadherin is among the mechanisms that have been suggested for the e-cadherin silencing, howeve...

Recently, there has been a growing interest in an expanding group of cytokines known as "IL-12 family". The so far gained knowledge about these cytokines, as crucial playmakers in mucosal immunity, has not yet been sufficiently investigated in the context of Helicobacter pylori infection. All genes encoding the monomeric components of these cytokines and their corresponding receptors were exami...

In this study, we have identified novel roles for Sox15 and Sox7 as regulators of muscle precursor cell fate in P19 cells. To examine the role of Sox15 and Sox7 during skeletal myogenesis, we isolated populations of P19 cells with either gene stably integrated into the genome, termed P19[Sox15] and P19[Sox7]. Both SOX proteins were sufficient to upregulate the expression of the muscle precursor...

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been proved capable of reprogramming various differentiated somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells. Recently, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) have been successfully derived from mouse and human somatic cells by the over-expression of a combination of transcription factors. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the reprogramming mediated by...

Many studies have been focused on cytogenetic and molecular genetic defects in brain tumors; therefore the role of ATM as a tumor suppressor gene in these tumors is poorly considered. In this study mutation analysis of exon 19 and 39 of ATM gene and P53 accumulation were investigated by PCR-SSCP, sequencing, and flow cytometry . Four polymorphisms including D1853N, IVS 38-8 T?C, F858L, P872T we...

microRNAs shape the identity and function of cells by regulating gene expression. It is known that brain-specific miR-9 is controlled transcriptionally; however, it is unknown whether post-transcriptional processes contribute to establishing its levels. Here we show that miR-9 is regulated transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally during neuronal differentiation of the embryonic carcinoma ce...

Treacher Collins syndrome is an autosomal-dominant mandibulofacial dysostosis caused by haploinsufficiency of the TCOF1 gene product treacle. Mouse Tcof1 protein is approximately 61% identical and 71% similar to treacle, and heterozygous knockout of Tcof1 causes craniofacial malformation. Tcof1 expression is high in developing neural crest, but much lower in other tissues. To investigate this d...