Purpose  The primary objective of this study was to evaluate if the current mechanisms of preoperative counseling influence patients' expectations of shoulder surgery. Methods  Patients were asked to complete the Hospital for Special Surgery's (HSS) Shoulder Surgery Expectations Survey. The first survey was completed before the first appointment with one of four fellowship-trained shoulder surg...

We used simulations to evaluate methods for assessing statistical significance in association studies. When the statistical model appropriately accounted for relatedness among individuals, unrestricted permutation tests and a few other simulation-based methods effectively controlled type I error rates; otherwise, only gene dropping controlled type I error but at the expense of statistical power.

Entanglement is often verified by a violation of an inequality like a Bell inequality or an entanglement witness. Considerable effort has been devoted to the optimization of such inequalities in order to obtain a high violation. We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that such an optimization does not necessarily lead to a better entanglement test, if the statistical error is taken int...

The purpose of this paper was to study the effect of therapeutic positioning on the functional use of augmentative communication equipment. Recent literature on therapeutic positioning as it affects muscle tone and functional activities is reviewed. The effect of positioning intervention on rate and accuracy of head-controlled typing on an augmentative communication machine was measured. The ra...

This research focuses on what determines speakers' choice of positive and negative probability phrases (e.g., "a chance" vs. "not certain") in a legal context. We argue that choice of phrase to describe an event's probability of occurrence can be determined by the contrast between its current p value and an earlier p value, and not by that current value alone. Three experiments were conducted d...

BACKGROUND It is widely appreciated that genomewide association studies often yield overestimates of the association of a marker with disease when attention focuses upon the marker showing the strongest relationship. For example, in a case-control setting the largest (in absolute value) estimated odds ratio has been found to typically overstate the association as measured in a second, independe...

The prior distribution is a key ingredient in Bayesian inference. Prior information on regression coefficients may come from different sources and may or may not be in conflict with the observed data. Various methods have been proposed to quantify a potential prior-data conflict, such as Box's p-value. However, there are no clear recommendations how to react to possible prior-data conflict in g...

In a letter to the editor, Sundby (2015) expresses concerns about our study of changing spawning locations of the Northeast Arctic (NEA) stock of Atlantic cod over the period 1866–1969, where we identified statistically significant effects of the stock’s demography whereas various climate indices all fell below statistical significance. Our conclusion on the role ascribed to climate disagrees w...

Expression levels of mRNAs are among other factors regulated by microRNAs. A particular microRNA can bind specifically to several target mRNAs and lead to their degradation. Expression levels of both, mRNAs and microRNAs, can be obtained by microarray experiments. In order to increase the power of detecting microRNAs that are differentially expressed between two different groups of samples, we ...

The observation of a narrow structure near the J/ψ φ threshold in exclusive B → J/ψ φK decays produced in pp̄ collisions at √ s = 1.96TeV is reported. A signal of 19 ± 6(stat) ± 3(syst) events, with statistical significance of 5.0 standard deviations, is seen in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6.0 fb, collected by the CDF II detector. The mass and natural width of the ...