We have used the high nucleophilicity of bromide ion in the form of the ionic liquid, 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([bmim][Br]), for the nucleophilic displacement of an alkyl group to regenerate a phenol from the corresponding aryl alkyl ether. Using 2-methoxynaphthalene (1) as a model compound, we found that the combination of ionic liquid [bmim][Br] and p-toluenesulfonic acid with wa...

A low-cost sensor array system for banana ripeness monitoring is presented. The sensors are constructed by employing a graphite line-patterning technique (LPT) to print interdigitated graphite electrodes on tracing paper and then coating the printed area with a thin film of polyaniline (PANI) by in-situ polymerization as the gas-sensitive layer. The PANI layers were used for the detection of vo...

Pseudomonas putida S-313 (= DSM 6884) grew in sulfate-free medium when the sole sulfur source supplied was one of several arylsulfonates involved in the synthesis, application, or biodegradation of linear alkyl-benzenesulfonate (LAS) surfactants. 2-(4-Sulfophenyl)butyric acid, 4-n-butyl-1-methyl-6-sulfotetralin, and 4-toluenesulfonic acid were each completely utilized during growth, as were the...

From studies on 11 different proteins (including native albumin and albumin with reduced disulfide-bridges) treated with sulfosalicylic, 2-naphthalenesulfonic, toluenesulfonic, dichloroacetic, or trichloroacetic acids, we elucidate the interactions determining the resulting turbidities and other factors affecting turbidities, and we discuss the clinical utility of such turbidimetry. At least th...

The study of geochemical transformations undergone by `biological markers' after their incorporation into sediments is an important ®eld of organic geochemistry. Combined with laboratory simulation experiments, molecular mechanics calculations have been shown to be very useful to establish the reaction pathways, and to predict intermediate components and stable reaction end products, especially...

Selective conversion of biomass-derived carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is of great significance for biomass conversion. In this study, a novel solid Brønsted acid was prepared simply by the copolymerization of paraformaldehyde and p-toluenesulfonic acid and then used to catalyze the conversion of various carbohydrates into HMF in γ-valerolactone-water (GVL/H2O) reaction medium...

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a hydrophilic polymer well known for good film forming properties, high water vapor permeance JW, and low nitrogen permeance. However, depending on molar mass temperature, PVA swells strongly in until complete dissolution. This behavior affects the usability of aqueous environments makes cross-linking necessary if higher structural integrity envisaged. In this work, n...