We present density-functional theory calculations of Ru 3d and O 1s surface core-level shifts (SCLSs) at an oxygen-rich Ru(0001) surface, namely for the O(1× 1)/Ru(0001) chemisorption phase and for two surface terminations of fully oxidized RuO2(110). Including final-state effects, the computed SCLSs can be employed for the analysis of experimental X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data en...

INTRODUCTION Portable pressure ventilators, or bi-level ventilators, do not typically have an oxygen control, and thus supplemental oxygen is usually administered by adding it into the mask or the circuit. We conducted this study to test the hypothesis that delivered oxygen concentration using this configuration is affected by the choice of leak port, oxygen injection site, and ventilator setti...

Two-level controllers for dissolved oxygen reference trajectory tracking for activated sludge processes is proposed and investigated. Both the nutrient and the phosphorous removal from a wastewater by its biological treatment using an activated sludge technology are considered. Typically, an aeration system itself is a complicated hybrid nonlinear dynamical system with faster dynamics compared ...

Since their discovery, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been characterized as a fundamental host innate immune defense mechanism. Conversely, excessive NET-release may have a variety of detrimental consequences for the host. A fine balance between NET formation and elimination is necessary to sustain a protective effect during an infectious challenge. Our own recently published data r...

This review will focus on the role of reactive oxygen species in the cellular and tissue effects of low level light therapy (LLLT). Coincidentally with the increase in electron transport and in ATP, there has also been observed by intracellular fluorescent probes and electron spin resonance an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, singlet...

INTRODUCTION – A hyperoxic challenge has been shown to provide a method for the measurement of venous blood volume (1) and calibrated BOLD (2). The administration of a hyperoxic gas mixture (FIO2>0.21) increases venous haemoglobin saturation causing an increase in the BOLD weighted signal. However, increasing oxygen concentration in the nasal cavity may itself lead to artefactual signal changes...

A classification in terms of the localization of donor defects in GaN is performed by Raman spectroscopy under large hydrostatic pressure. We observe a significant decrease of the free carrier concentration in highly O doped GaN epitaxial films at a hydrostatic pressure of 22 GPa. This indicates the presence of a strongly localized donor defect at large pressure. Monitoring the phonon plasmon c...

PURPOSE To develop a robust technique for detecting blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast in the human breast and to evaluate the signal in healthy and malignant breast. MATERIALS AND METHODS The design of this study focused on determining the optimal pulse sequence and stimulus for detecting BOLD contrast in the breast. For this study a single-shot fast spin echo (SSFSE) sequence...

Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) are a promising technology for environmentally friendly automobiles, among other applications. However, performance losses due to oxygen transport hindrances in the PEFC’s cathode continue to be an issue in widespread commercialization. This dissertation focuses on the transport of oxygen through the thickness of the PEFC cathode, and the effect of the cat...