Aim: This study aimed to monitor the behavior of overtraining and motivations dimensions, as well verify whether these dimensions correlate in preparatory competitive periods over season. Methods: Professional soccer players (n = 32) answered Stress Recovery Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-Sport 76) Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) during periods. Results: Intrinsic amotivation sport-specific rec...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that NADPH oxidase mediating the ROS production is the major pathway for ROS generation in neutrophils during exercise. NADPH oxidase, as a target can modulate oxidative damage induced by overtraining, which can be value to the prevention of exercise-induced immunosuppression. METHODS Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into thre...

3. Schroeder AN, Comstock RD, Collins CL, Everhart J, Flanigan D, Best TM. Epidemiology of overuse injuries among high-school athletes in the United States. J Pediatr 2015;166:600-6. 4. 2013-14 High school athletics participation survey [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2014 Oct 20]. https://www.library.uq.edu.au/training/citation/vancouv. pdf. Accessed October 20, 2014. 5. Brenner JS, the Council on Spo...

We describe a simple variant of the interpolated Markov model with non-emitting state transitions and prove that it is strictly more powerful than any Markov model. Empirical results demonstrate that the non-emitting model outperforms the interpolated model on the Brown corpus and on the Wall Street Journal under a wide range of experimental conditions. The nonemitting model is also much less p...

Animals can use both allocentric and egocentric strategies to learn a spatial task. Our results suggest that allocentric cues are more dominant than idiothetic cues in guiding navigation. Animals do not necessarily learn an egocentric strategy automatically, instead they probably hold just one solution to any particular task at a time until forced to learn an alternative strategy. Further, with...