Anti-viral chemotherapy plays an important part in treating and preventing influenza illness. However, its effectiveness in severe infections can be debated and a reoccurring problem is the emergence of resistant virus. Passive immunisation has for a long time been and is still used for prophylaxis and treatment of a number of infectious diseases. In this experimental study anti-influenza antib...

AIMS Pandemics impose large demands on the health care system. The supply of appropriate chemotherapeutic agents, namely oseltamivir solution, presented a serious challenge in the recent influenza pandemic. This study reports on the rational series of pharmacotechnical steps that were followed to appropriately handle bulk oseltamivir powder to meet the increased demand. METHODS During a six-w...

BACKGROUND It is unclear if higher-dose oseltamivir provides benefit beyond the standard dose in influenza patients who require hospitalization. METHODS A prospective intervention study was performed in 2 acute care general hospitals in Hong Kong over 4 seasonal peaks (2010-2012). Adults (≥18 years) with laboratory-confirmed influenza (85 A/H3N2, 34 A/H1N1pdm09, 36 B) infections who presented...

BACKGROUND Anti-viral treatment has been used to treat severe or progressive illness due to pandemic H1N1 2009. A main cause of severe illness in pandemic H1N1 2009 is viral pneumonia; however, it is unclear how effective antiviral treatment is against pneumonia when administered >48 hours after symptom onset. Therefore, we aimed to determine how time from symptom onset to antiviral administrat...

Influenza is a highly contagious and debilitating disease that imposes an excess burden of complications and mortality. Antiviral therapy is the primary intervention for treatment and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) of influenza. Amantadine and rimantadine are members of the M2 class of antiviral agents and are moderately effective in influenza management. However, their utility is compromised ...

To assess adherence to real-time changes in guidelines for influenza diagnosis and use of oseltamivir during the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic, we reviewed medical records of patients with confirmed or suspected influenza-like illness (ILI) and those with no viral testing in a large Los Angeles (California, USA) hospital. Of 882 tested patients, 178 had results positive for influenza; 136 of ...

Oseltamivir is an important antiviral drug, which possess three chirality centers in its structure. From eight possible stereoisomers, only two have been synthesized and evaluated so far. We describe herein the stereoselective synthesis, computational activity prediction and biological testing of another three diastereoisomers of oseltamivir. These isomers have been synthesized using stereosele...

We analyzed the effectiveness of personal protective equipment and oseltamivir use during the 2003 avian influenza A (H7N7) epidemic in the Netherlands by linking databases containing information about farm visits, human infections, and use of oseltamivir and personal protective equipment. Using a stringent case definition, based on self-reported conjunctivitis combined with a positive hemagglu...

Abstract. The 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) infection in Malaysia was first reported in May 2009 and oseltamivir was advocated for confirmed cases in postexposure prophylaxis. However, there are cases of oseltamivir-resistance reported among H1N1-positive patients in other countries. Resistance is due to substitution of histidine by tyrosine at residue 275 (H275Y) of neuraminidase (NA). In th...

UNLABELLED Oseltamivir phosphate is extensively metabolized in the ex vivo human placenta model, and the transplacental passage of the metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate is incomplete. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the metabolism and transplacental transfer of oseltamivir (Tamiflu) in the ex vivo human placental model. STUDY DESIGN Perfusion studies were performed in six placentas from term, uncomp...