The resistance of ovarian cancer to platinum-based chemotherapy is a critical issue in the clinical setting. The present study aimed to establish animal models to replicate this clinical condition, as well as to investigate the resistance mechanisms of ovarian cancer. A cisplatin (DDP)-resistant human ovarian cancer cell line, SKOV3/DDP, was screened, validated and injected subcutaneously into ...

Metastases are largely responsible for cancer deaths in solid tumors due to the lack of effective therapies against disseminated disease, and there is an urgent need to fill this gap. This study demonstrates an orthotopic colorectal cancer (CRC) mouse model system to develop spontaneous metastasis in vivo and compare its reproducibility against human CRC. IGF1R-dependent GEO human CRC cells wer...

OBJECTIVE Transurethral puncture or endoscopic unroofing is the best treatment currently used for both orthotopic and ectopic ureteroceles. However, they have a high incidence of secondary vesicoureteral reflux and subsequent procedures in both groups. We present a new technique for treatment of orthotopic ureterocele. MATERIAL AND METHODS We have analyzed 4 patients with orthotopic ureteroce...

BACKGROUND Sudden cardiac death among orthotopic heart transplant recipients is an important mechanism of death after cardiac transplantation. The role for implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) in this population is not well established. This study sought to determine whether ICDs are effective in preventing sudden cardiac death in high-risk heart transplant recipients. METHODS AND R...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the body images of patients who underwent radical cystectomy with an orthotopic ileal neobladder or an ileal conduit. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 114 adult patients who underwent radical cystectomy between March 2006 and December 2012 at a single institution, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital in Korea, were evaluated in this retrospectiv...

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models of cancer are emerging as an important component of personalized precision cancer therapy. However, most models currently offered to patients have their tumors subcutaneously-transplanted in immunodeficient mice, which rarely metastasize. In contrast, orthotopic-transplant patient-derived models, termed patient-derived orthotopic xenografts (PDOX), u...

Purpose Because retinoblastoma therapies have many adverse effects, new approaches must be developed and evaluated on animal models. We describe orthotopic xenograft models of retinoblastoma using different strains of mice, suitable for this purpose. Methods Human retinoblastoma tumors were established on immunodeficient mice by subcutaneous engraftment of tumors from enucleated eyes. The ort...

Existing preclinical models of human colorectal cancer (CRC) that rely on syngeneic subcutaneous grafts are problematic, because of increasing evidence that the immune microenvironment in subcutaneous tissue is significantly different from the gastrointestinal tract. Similarly, existing orthotopic models that use a laparotomy for establishing grafts are also problematic, because the surgical pr...

Recent studies have revealed that angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in carcinogenesis and tumor growth. We previously reported that the clinically used vitamin K2 (VK) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) exerted potent anti-angiogenic activities. The aim of our current study was to examine the combination effect of VK and ACE-I on hepatocarcinogenesis induced by diethyl-nitrosam...

One hundred twenty-nine adult patients who received an orthotopic liver transplantation and survived at least 24 hr after surgery were evaluated. During the period of follow-up, 48 of the 129 patients (37%) died. Only 40 of these 48 patients died at our institution and were included in this study. Seventeen of the 40 deaths (42.5%) occurred during the first month after orthotopic liver transpla...