BACKGROUND Oral rehydration solutions (ORS) for the treatment of acute diarrhea remain an underutilized therapy in the United States, despite multiple clinical trials confirming their efficacy and safety. Economic barriers to their use have been identified. OBJECTIVE To determine whether providing ORS to patients at the time of their office visit for acute diarrhea can increase ORS utilizatio...

Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) play a key role in the interactions between plants and herbivorous insects, as HIPVs can promote or deter insects’ behavior. While aphids are common serious phloem-feeding pests farmland ecosystems, little is known about how use their sensitive olfactory system to detect HIPVs. In this study, antennal transcriptomes of aphid species Megoura crassicauda ...

Tsetse flies use olfactory and gustatory responses, through odorant and gustatory receptors (ORs and GRs), to interact with their environment. Glossina morsitans morsitans genome ORs and GRs were annotated using homologs of these genes in Drosophila melanogaster and an ab initio approach based on OR and GR specific motifs in G. m. morsitans gene models coupled to gene ontology (GO). Phylogeneti...

BACKGROUND In Bangladesh, pharmacy-purchased oral rehydration solution (ORS) is often used to treat diarrhea, including cholera. Over-the-counter sales have been used for epidemiologic surveillance in the past, but rarely, if ever, in low-income countries. With few early indicators for cholera outbreaks in endemic areas, diarrhea-related product sales may serve as a useful surveillance tool. ...

INTRODUCTION The air contamination levels during orthopedic surgeries were evaluated. METHODS The air of operating rooms (ORs) was examined through exposure to microbiological plates placed near the surgical table for an hour. RESULTS values above that recommended (369 CFU/m³) for conventional ORs and ORs with ultraclean air were determined. Contamination was predominantly by Staphylococcus...

Insect olfactory receptors (ORs) detect chemicals, shape neuronal physiology, and regulate behavior. Although ORs have been categorized as "generalists" and "specialists" based on their ligand spectrum, both electrophysiological studies and recent pharmacological investigations show that ORs specifically recognize non-pheromonal compounds, and that our understanding of odorant-selectivity mirro...