The purpose of this evaluation was to provide an objective evaluation of the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (CO,) as an alternative technology for spray applied in wood finishing processes using reduced solvent formulations. Union Carbide has pioneered this technology under the UNICARBTM trademark. In the UNICARBTM process, the solvent-like properties of supercritical CO, are employed to r...

Papain activity was studied in water-organic solvent mixtures using the fluorogenic substrate Dabcyl-Lys-Phe-Gly-Gly-Ala-Ala-Edans. The increase of organic solvent (MeOH, EtOH, iPrOH, TFE, MeCN, (MeO)2Et and DMF) concentration in the mixture caused a substantial decrease the initial rate of papain-catalyzed hydrolysis. Moreover, the number of papain active sites decreased with the increase of D...

Sediments and rocks recovered in CRP-2/2A coring operations contain relatively little organic matter (average TOC=0.28%) and very small amounts of solvent-soluble organic matter. Because Early Oligocene sediment included significant amounts of coal detritus, TOC values are higher in Early Oligocene rocks than in younger rocks. TOC values are highest in the fine-grained rocks deposited as part o...

One of the most important areas of green chemistry is the application of environmentally friendly solvents in catalysis and synthesis. Conventional organic solvents pose a threat to the environment due to the volatility, highly flammability, toxicity and carcinogenic properties they exhibit. The recently emerged room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are promising green solvent alternatives to ...

The enhanced effect of chemiluminescence (CL) of lucigenin (Luc(2+)) at a flat liquid/liquid interface and at O/W emulsions was demonstrated. The CL was emitted when Luc(2+) was transferred from an organic phase to an aqueous one containing NaOH and H(2)O(2). The CL intensity and emission spectrum depended strongly on the kind of organic solvent. We attempted to apply the CL reaction of Luc(2+)...

Water has emerged as a versatile solvent for organic chemistry in recent years. Water as a solvent is not only inexpensive and environmentally benign, but also gives completely new reactivity. The types of organic reactions in water are broad including pericyclic reactions, reactions of carbanion equivalent, reactions of carbocation equivalent, reactions of radicals and carbenes, transition-met...