ferulic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid), an effective component of medical plant, is a phenolic acid with low toxicity that can be absorbed and easily metabolized in the human body. the solubility of ferulic acid (fa) is very low in aqueous solutions which can cause problem in preparation of pharmaceutical products, but it can easily be dissolved in oil/water interface of nano-emulsions...

The aim of the present study was to measure organic acid, especially lactic acid, concentrations in contents of the stomach and intestine of wildcaught and cultured ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) and wild-caught seema (Oncorhynchus masou), and of the stomach as well as anatomically defined three intestinal segments of wild ayu. The concentration of total SCFA in the present study was approximatel...

An improved liquid chromatographic (LC) method was developed for determination of organic acids in leaves, pulp, fruits, and rinds of Garcinia. At present, the commonly used LC method for analysis of organic acids in Garcinia extracts uses direct application of the extracts on the column. This practice gradually reduces efficiency of the column and shortens its life. In the improved method, the...

The replacement of petrochemicals with biobased chemicals requires efficient bioprocesses, biocatalysis, and product recovery. Biocatalysis (e.g., enzyme conversion and fermentation) offers an attractive alternative to chemical processing because biocatalysis utilize renewable feedstocks under benign reaction conditions. One class of chemical products that could be produced in large volumes by ...

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is a substantial component of total atmospheric organic particulate matter, but little is known about the composition of SOA formed through cloud processing. We conducted aqueous phase photo-oxidation experiments of methylglyoxal and hydroxyl radical to simulate cloud processing. In addition to predicted organic acid monomers, oligomer formation from methylglyoxa...

Abbreviations: ADF, acid detergent fibre; ADG, average daily gain; CP, crude protein; CT, condensed tannins; DCP, digestible crude prot digestible energy; DM, dry matter; DOM, digestible organic matter; FCR, feed conversion ratio; LW, live weight; ME, metabolizable energ microbial protein synthesis; NDF, neutral detergent fibre; OM, organic matter; OMDR, organic matter digested in the rumen; VF...