Hypertensive crisis is a serious condition that is associated with end-organ damage or may result in end-organ damage if left untreated. Causes of acute rises in blood pressure include medications,noncompliance, and poorly controlled chronic hypertension. Treatment of a hypertensive crisis should be tailored to each individual based on the extent of end-organ injury and comorbid conditions. Pro...

Leukocytes have been shown to play an important role in the development of isolated organ injury after experimental ischemia and reperfusion. To examine the role of leukocytes in generalized ischemia-reperfusion injury we used the MAb 60.3 (directed to the human leukocyte adherence glycoprotein, CD18) to block leukocyte adherence functions in a rabbit model of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitatio...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to assess whether late positive fluid balances are associated with acute kidney injury and mortality in severe sepsis and septic shock. METHODS In this retrospective study, fluid balances were calculated at 3 different time points: the onset of organ dysfunction attributed to sepsis, sepsis diagnosis, and vasopressors initiation. Data were analyzed in logi...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Timing of renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury is highly subjective, and may influence outcome. We discuss renal and nonrenal criteria for timing considering the recent literature. RECENT FINDINGS Two randomized and four nonrandomized controlled trials investigated the effects of timing on patient outcome. All but one randomized contr...

Fluid resuscitation following burn injury must support organ perfusion with the least amount of fluid necessary and the least physiological cost. Under resuscitation may lead to organ failure and death. With adoption of weight and injury size-based formulas for resuscitation, multiple organ dysfunction and inadequate resuscitation have become uncommon. Instead, administration of fluid volumes w...