We observe entanglement between photons in controlled super-position states of orbital angular momentum (OAM). By drawing a direct analogy between OAM and polarization states of light, we demonstrate the entangled nature of high order OAM states generated by spontaneous downconversion through violation of a suitable Clauser Horne Shimony Holt (CHSH)-Bell inequality. We demonstrate this violatio...

Oblivious RAM (ORAM) is a cryptographic primitive that allows a trusted client to outsource storage to an untrusted server while hiding the client’s memory access patterns to the server. The last three decades of research on ORAMs have reduced the bandwidth blowup of ORAM schemes from O( √ N) to O(1). However, all schemes that achieve a bandwidth blowup smaller than O(logN) use expensive comput...

Database-as-a-service (DBaaS) allows the client to store and manage structured data on the cloud remotely. Despite its merits, DBaaS also brings signi cant privacy issues. Existing encryption techniques (e.g., SQL-aware encryption) can mitigate privacy concerns, but they still leak information through access patterns which are vulnerable to statistical inference attacks. Oblivious Random Access...

It is well established that access patterns to encrypted data can leak a considerable amount of sensitive information [13]. Oblivious RAM (or ORAM for short) [5–11, 14, 18–20, 26, 28], originally proposed by Goldreich and Ostrovsky [8], is a cryptographic construction that allows a client to access encrypted data residing on an untrusted storage server, while completely hiding the access patter...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Congenital heart defects (CHD) can occur with upper limbs deformities. Holt-Oram syndrome is the main type of heart-hand syndromes, characterized by upper limb radial ray malformations, CHD and/or conduction abnormalities. Mutations of the TBX5 gene, most of which are found within the T-box domain, are one cause of the disease. We aimed to find the cause of the disease in a fami...

Myocardial differentiation is associated with the activation and expression of an array of cardiac specific genes. However, the transcriptional networks that control cardiac gene expression are not completely understood. Myocardin is a cardiac and smooth muscle-specific expressed transcriptional coactivator of Serum Response Factor (SRF) and is able to potently activate cardiac and smooth muscl...

We report a critical role for the T-box transcription factor Tbx5 in development and maturation of the cardiac conduction system. We find that Tbx5 is expressed throughout the central conduction system, including the atrioventricular bundle and bundle branch conduction system. Tbx5 haploinsufficiency in mice (Tbx5(del/+)), a model of human Holt-Oram syndrome, caused distinct morphological and f...

We used non-invasive high frequency ultrasound to screen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenized mouse fetuses for congenital cardiovascular anomalies. We ultrasound scanned 7546 mouse fetuses from 262 mutagenized families, and identified 124 families with cardiovascular defects. Represented were most of the major congenital cardiovascular anomalies seen clinically. The ENU-induced mutations in sever...

TBX5 is a T-box transcriptional factor required for cardiogenesis and limb development. TBX5 mutations cause Holt-Oram syndrome characterized by congenital heart defects and upper limb deformations. Here we establish a novel function for TBX5 in pre-mRNA splicing, and we show that this function is relevant to the pathogenesis of Holt-Oram syndrome, providing a novel pathogenic mechanism for the...

We present TWORAM, an asymptotically efficient oblivious RAM (ORAM) protocol providing oblivious access (read and write) of a memory index y in exactly two rounds: The client prepares an encrypted query encapsulating y and sends it to the server. The server accesses memory M obliviously and returns encrypted information containing the desired value M[y]. The cost of TWORAM is only a multiplicat...