LSB steganography is a one of the most widely used methods for implementing covert data channels in image file exchanges [1][2]. The low computational complexity and implementation simplicity of the algorithm are significant factors for its popularity with the primary reason being low image distortion. Many attempts have been made to increase the embedding capacity of LSB algorithms by expandin...

Recently, Amin et al. introduced a projection filtering method for excising constant amplitude FM jammers from DSSS communications, with minimal distortion to the PN sequence. In this paper, we show that this approach can be applied to AM-FM jammers as well, with a simple modification. Theoretical performance measures (correlator SNR) of the AM-FM projection method are derived, and demonstrate ...

In the present paper, we prove that if L is a nilpotent Lie algebra whose proper subalge- bras are all nilpotent of class at most n, then the class of L is at most bnd=(d 1)c, where b c denotes the integral part and d is the minimal number of generators of L.

Using an incorrect lens, or camera shake can cause the perspective of photographs to be tilted or skewed. The perspective may be distorted, and is more evident in photographs containing continuous vertical lines or geometric shapes. This paper deals with perspective distortion together with skew distortion rectification of a document image file to make its content more easily comprehendible for...

The increasing availability of high performance, low priced, portable digital imaging devices has created a tremendous opportunity in document image acquisition by supplementing traditional scanning using flatbed scanners and mounted cameras. However, the portability of the camera presents new challenges in document image analysis and recognition in general and handwriting recognition in partic...

This is a longitudinal case study of two Farsi-speaking children learning English: ‘Bernard’ and ‘Melissa’, who were 7;4 and 8;4 at the start of data collection. The research deals with the initial state and further development in the child second language (L2) acquisition of syntax regarding the presence or absence of copula as a functional category, as well as the role and degree of L1 influe...