Advanced oxidation processes like Fenton and photo-Fenton have been effectively applied to oxidize the persistent organic compounds in solid waste leachate and convert them to unharmful materials and products. However, there are limited data about application of Fenton-like process in leachate treatment. Therefore, this study was designed with the objective of treating municipal landfill leacha...

Abstract— In this paper, a packet combining method known as symbol mapping diversity (SMD) is investigated. In an SMD scheme, the bit-to-symbol mapping in -ary modulation is varied among multiple transmissions of the same packet (e.g., ARQ). It has been shown that multiple transmissions of the same packet using SMD provide better bit error performance than a scheme where the same bit-to-symbol ...

Electron multiplying charge coupled devices (EMCCDs) have revolutionized the world of low light imaging by introducing on-chip multiplication gain based on the impact ionization effect in the silicon. They combine the sub-electron readout noise with high frame rates. Signal-to-noise Ratio (SNR) is an important performance parameter for low-light-level imaging systems. This work investigates the...

Most (if not all) popular nite-element velocity/pressure pairs perform poorly in determining a vector component from the derivative of a scalar eld. As a result these pairs give noisy solutions for problems such as wave propagation with realistic viscosities. Noisy solutions occur when the vector component is undersconstrainted with respect to the scalar eld, namely when there are more momentum...

Recent studies suggest that physiological noise, which determines the SNR of the fMRI time course at commonly used spatial resolutions, is largely spatially coherent. It is theoretically shown that the ratio of such a spatially coherent physiological to thermal noise determines the optimum voxel volume for maximizing BOLD CNR, relatively independent of the size of activation.

Tolerance design plays a significant role in the relationship between the performance and the manufacture of a product. It is important to maintain valid tolerances when product design is constrained by the relationship between the dimensions of entities of a component and the functional requirement of the design. Increasing the tolerance may decrease the manufacturing cost, but will also worse...

Our objective was to determine an optimum Lys:calorie ratio (g of total dietary Lys/Mcal of ME) for 35- to 120-kg barrows and gilts (Pig Improvement Company, L337 x C22) in a commercial finishing environment. Seven (3 barrow and 4 gilt) trials were conducted using randomized complete block designs (42 pens per trial, a total of 7,801 pigs). Six treatments with increasing Lys:calorie ratio were ...

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has recently gained substantial interest in high capacity optical fiber communications. Unlike wireless systems, optical OFDM systems are constrained by the limited resolution of the ultra high-speed digital-to-analog converters (DAC) and analog-to-digital converters (ADC). Additionally, the situation is exacerbated by the large peak-to-average ...