The electrochemical reduction of CO2 is an efficient method to convert waste into hydrocarbon fuels, among which methanol the direct liquid fuel in cells (DMFC). Copper most widely used catalyst for reaction (CO2RR); affected by surface morphology copper. Here, effect and mechanism CO2RR on three typical low-index Cu (100), (110) (111) surfaces are studied. According our results, provides optim...

The majority of the literature on the psychology of gains and losses suggests that losses lead to an avoidance response. Several studies, however, have shown that losses can also lead to an approach response, whereby an option is selected more often when it produces losses. In five studies we examine the boundary conditions for these contradictory approach and avoidance effects. The results sho...

This paper presents a simple and locally optimal test for Zipf’s law. Its use is illustrated in the case of the largest US metropolitan areas. An objection to the general relevance of that law is also presented.  2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.

Escaping local optima and crossing fitness valleys to reach higher-fitness regions of a fitness landscape is a ubiquitous concept in much writing on evolutionary difficulty. The Baldwin effect, an interaction between non-heritable lifetime plasticity (e.g. learning) and evolution, has been shown to be able to guide evolutionary change and ‘smooth out’ abrupt fitness changes in fitness landscape...

The use of a minimum quantity of lubrication (MQL) with extremely low consumption of lubricant in machining processes has been reported as a technologically and environmentally feasible alternative to conventional flood cooling. In hot machining, the external heat source is applied during machining that will assist to increase machining performance. Many external heating techniques are availabl...

potassium chloride (kcl) is a highly water soluble substance which is usually used to prevent hypokalemia. oil in water disperse phase encapsulation method was used to prepare kcl loaded microcapsules using beeswax and carnauba wax as a hydrophobic matrix. the morphology and characteristics of kcl loaded microspheres were studied using scanning electron microscopy (sem), photon correlation spec...

Nanomaterials are increasingly used to the targeting of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as an alternative to antibiotics. Bacterial infections are a major cause of chronic infections and mortality. People requirement for new materials for pathogenic bacteria treatment. It seems that nanomaterial-based strategies can be resolving this problem. In this research, improved antibacterial na...

This paper discusses some of the relevant steps towards optimum face recognition in the framework of decision theory. In particular, it addresses the central question, how to estimate joint image probability distributions based on a strongly limited number of example images. This leads to a new, morphing based approach which combines varying view, varying illumination, and inter-personal variat...

In this paper we search for the optimum tests that minimize the sum of two error probabilities.

Chu and Liu, Ecbnonds, and Bock have independently devised an ef f ic ient aZgorYithm to f i n d an optimum branching i n a d i rected haph. runs i n O(m2ogn) time i f the problem graph has n vertices and m edges. A modification for dense graphs gives a running time 2 of O(n 1. We also show that the unmodified algorithm runs i n 2 O(n(Zog n) + m) time on an average graph, asswning a uniform pro...