A novel technique to characterize the transition phenomenon from solid to melt of Al-Al₃Ni functionally graded material (FGM) through a wavelet analysis for the development of a thixoforming system is investigated. Identification of an optimum semi-solid condition for thixoforming is necessary not only for the construction of a system but also the fabrication of a near-net-shape product with fi...

Due to its abundance and also flexibility of cultivation conditions, Chlorella vulgaris microalgae is one of the most ideal options available in order to production of microalgae based biodiesel. Since vulgaris cultivation for fuel production needs economic considerations to be taken, and in first place providing biomass and lipid production costs is important, wide researches have bee...

Skeletal muscles are rarely recruited maximally during movement. However, much of our understanding of muscle properties is based on studies using maximal activation. The effect of activation level on skeletal muscle properties remains poorly understood. Muscle optimum length increases with decreased activation; however, the mechanism responsible is unclear. Here, we attempted to determine whet...

This study presents the energy and economic analysis of Thermoelectric (TE) cooler design. The system designed for this purpose provides equal cooling power under equal temperature difference. In the study, seven different types of TE modules were used, operating conditions of the modules were changed due to module numbers. In addition, the variation in the cost of electric power was taken into...

This paper describes a Bayesian method for optimum accelerated life test planning with one accelerating variable, when the acceleration model is linear in the parameters, based on censored data from a log-location-scale distribution. We use a Bayesian criterion based on estimation precision of a distribution quantile at a specified use condition and use this criterion to find optimum test plans...

We shall extend Iri's multiplicative penalty function method for linear programming [41 so that it can handle the problem of unknown optimum value of the objective function, without solving both primal and dual problems simultaneously, and generate convergent dual solutions. By making use of these dual variables, lower bounds of the optimum objective function value are updated efficiently, whic...