In this slender volume, Dr Harding has set himself the task of explaining how a moral condemnation ofopium use arose in Britain in the latter halfofthe nineteenth century, only to be supplanted by a medical concept of drug addiction as a pathological disease. He claims that he has diverged from "conventional histories" and, guided methodologically by Michel Foucault, has "tried to describe the ...

One of the highest areas of esophageal cancer incidence in the world is in northeastern Iran where up to 180 new cases/ 100,000 have been recorded per annum among Turkaman and Mazandarani villagers (10, 12). Although its use has been illegal in Iran since 1955, opium and its recycled pyrolytic product shireh are commonly smoked socially or are eaten for various bodily aches, diarrhea, and insom...

VIRGINIA BERRIDGE and GRIFFITH EDWARDS, Opium and the people: Opiate use in nineteenth-century England, London, Allen Lane; New York, St. Martin's Press, 1981, 8vo, pp. xxx, 369, £20.00. After reading Opium and the people, one is tempted to believe that opium was the religion of the masses. The drug was omnipresent in Victorian society. It was sold, without restriction, not only by chemists, bu...

BACKGROUND Opium abuse significantly affects the nutritional status of users and frequently leads to undernourishment. Methadone maintenance therapy has been used as one of the possible ways to prevent of infection diseases such as HIV and hepatitis B and C and improve the quality of life in opioid-dependent patients. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the anthropometric and socio...

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of opium dependency on the healing of third-degree burns in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-four rats were randomly divided to experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, opium was added to the drinking water for 21 days at increasing concentrations. The control group did not receive opium. To prove dependency on opium in ...

BackgroundOpium consumption has recently been identified as a carcinogen, but the impact of opium use on cancer burden is unknown. We aimed to evaluate fraction cancers that could be attributed alone and in combination with cigarette smoking region where widely used.Methods50,045 Iranian adults were recruited this prospective cohort study between 2004 2008 followed through January 2022. assesse...

Dear Editor, Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most frequent complications after cardiac surgery. It occurs in approximately 20% to 35% of patients after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and in more than 50% of patients after valve surgery (1). AF after cardiac surgery is a major cause of patients’ morbidity and mortality. Moreover, it can prolong hospitalization and increase he...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although several studies have suggested opium as a risk factor for cancers of the esophagus, stomach, larynx, lung, and bladder, no previous study has examined the association of opium with pancreatic cancer. We aimed to study the association between opium use and risk of pancreatic cancer in Iran, using a case-control design. We also studied the association of cigarette smo...

BACKGROUND Opium abuse is one of the widespread social problems, and one of the most worrying aspects of it is the effect of parents' drug abuse on the fetus. OBJECTIVES The present study has investigated the correlation between opium abuse during pregnancy in mothers with congenital heart defects in their children. MATERIALS AND METHODS From early 2009 to late 2011, for two consecutive yea...

This modelling project examines the short-run effects of a program wherein the United States becomes the primary buyer of opium produced in Afghanistan and thereby reduces the global supply of heroin (refined opium). This research demonstrates that supply-side intervention will result in a large decrease in short-run world heroin supply, as well as many beneficial side effects. The U.S. heroin ...