نتایج جستجو برای: opiate substitution treatment
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By 2009, HIV incidence decreased globally by 19% while rates in Eastern Europe and Central Asia increased by 25%, primarily among people who inject drugs (PWIDs) [1]. Regionally, Ukraine and Russia account for 90% of new HIV infections, and while there is evidence that the HIV epidemic is transitioning to a generalized epidemic, Ukraine’s volatile and expanding HIV epidemic is still being fuell...
Editorials 83 The United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime in its 2012 World drug report estimates that 0.6% of the world's adult population – some 27 million people – are problem users of illicit drugs. 1 This represents about 10% of all people who used illicit drugs in 2011 and suggests that most people can use drugs recreationally without becoming dependent. What makes these 10% different is...
INTRODUCTION Dependence on opioids is a multifactorial condition involving genetic and psychosocial factors. There are three stages to treating opioid dependence. Stabilisation is usually by opioid substitution treatments, and aims to ensure that the drug use becomes independent of mental state (such as craving and mood) and independent of circumstances (such as finance and physical location). ...
Opioid use and overdose rates have risen to epidemic levels in the United States during the past decade. Fortunately, there are effective medications (ie, methadone, buprenorphine, and oral and injectable naltrexone) available for the treatment of opioid addiction. Each of these medications is approved for use in conjunction with psychosocial treatment; however, there is a dearth of empirical r...
BACKGROUND In Australia about half of the people who inject drugs (PWID) are hepatitis C (HCV) antibody positive (anti-HCV+). The prevalence among opioid substitution treatment (OST) clients specifically is unclear, despite OST clinics being a potential setting for HCV care. This study aimed to report the prevalence of HCV among a large sample of NSW OST clients, understand whether HCV testing ...
CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Symbolic substitution (SS) rules for modified-signed-digit (MSD) addition and subtraction 3. Optical implementation of SS rules 4. Parallel MSD multiplication 4.1. MSD multiplication algorithm 4.2. Optical implementation of the MSD multiplication 5. MSD convergence division 6. Conversion between binary and MSD representations 6.1. From binary code to MSD code 6.2. Fr...
The aim of this study was to switch patients established on methadone opioid substitution therapy (OST) to morphine over 1 week. Subjects established on daily methadone OST (mean dose 60 mg/day) were switched to morphine slow-release capsules, dosed at 4× the previous total daily methadone dose, for 6 days, then given morphine syrup dosed q3h. All 27 subjects enrolled in this study completed th...
Recently, δ opioid receptor agonists have been proposed to be attractive targets for the development of novel antidepressants. Several studies revealed that single treatment of δ opioid receptor agonists produce antidepressant-like effects in the forced swimming test, which is one of the most popular animal models for screening antidepressants. In addition, subchronic treatment with δ opioid re...
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate the organization and delivery of HIV and tuberculosis (TB) health care and to analyse potential differences between treatment centres in Eastern (EE) and Western Europe (WE). METHODS Thirty-eight European HIV and TB treatment centres participating in the TB:HIV study within EuroCoord completed a survey on health care management for coinfected...
Currently, numerous effective pharmacologic and behavioral therapies are available for the treatment of opioid addiction, and these two types of therapies often are combined to optimize patient management. Newer therapeutic options may take various forms. For example, methadone maintenance is an established treatment modality, whereas the use of buprenorphine and naloxone in an office-based set...
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