An impressive amount of evidence from many different laboratories using a variety of experimental techniques indicates that the amygdala plays a crucial role in the acquisition, consolidation and retention or expression of conditioned fear. Electrophysiological data are beginning to detail the transmitters and inter-amygdala connections that transmit information to, within, and out of the amygd...

Opioid drugs act primarily on the opiate receptors; they also exert their effect on other innervations resulting in non-opioidergic behavioural deficits. Similarly, opioid neurobehavioural teratogenicity is attested in numerous behaviours and neural processes which hinder the research on the mechanisms involved. Therefore, in order to be able to ascertain the mechanism we have established an an...

oral health problems, among the most prevalent comorbidities related to addiction, require more attention by both clinicians and policy-makers. our aims were to review oral complications associated with drugs, oral health care in addiction rehabilitation, health services available, and barriers against oral health promotion among addicts. drug abuse is associated with serious oral health proble...

objective: this study was conducted to determine the changes in the insular cortex in alcohol dependent subjects, and to compare the same with controls, the associated clinical findings. methods: the study group consisted of 30 subjects with alcohol dependence syndrome (ads) selected randomly from the out patient services of the department of psychiatry of a tertiary care hospital. the control ...

background: high prevalence of risky behaviors in alcohol dependents have been shown in several studies, but correlation between alcohol abuse and risky behaviors and relapse in patients with opiate dependence has been less investigated. this study aimed to determine the effect of alcohol abuse in rate of risk-taking behaviors in opiate dependents patients treated on maintenance program in nort...

conclusions accordingly, major mental disorders in the staff of harm reduction centers, especially women and younger people need to be considered more than before. background creating a supportive environment encourages charity services to help risk groups and individuals which has magnificent impacts on reducing their harm. objectives according to this plan, the purpose of this study was to in...

background quality of life (qol) stands for to the general well-being of the populations in the societies. quality of life should not be confused with the concept of standard of living, which is based primarily on income. instead, standard indicators of the qol include not only wealth and employment, but also built environment, physical and mental health, education, recreation and leisure time ...