Many freshwater ecosystems receive allochthonous resource subsidies from adjacent terrestrial environments. In eastern North American forests, geographic broods of periodical cicadas emerge every 13 to 17 y to breed, and local abundances can sometimes be .300 individuals/m. Most individuals avoid predation, senesce after breeding, and become a resource pulse for forest ecosystems; some cicada c...

In the semi-arid part of northern Tanzania, the native tropical woodland is undergoing a rapid conversion into agricultural land. This has resulted in drastic ecological changes in the region. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of these changes in land use systems on the amount and composition of SOM in bulk soil samples and size separates. Samples were collected from the uppe...

There is broad consensus among paleoanthropologists that meat-eating played a key role in the evolution of Homo, but the details of where, when, and why are hotly debated. It has been argued that increased faunivory was causally connected with hominin adaptation to open, savanna habitats. If savanna-dwelling chimpanzees eat meat more frequently than do forest chimpanzees, it would support the n...

Within the oak woodlands of California there is often a distinct shift in the botanical composition between the open grassland and the herbaceous understory beneath oak canopy. Botanical sampling at two woodland sites indicated that the annual grass Bromus diandrus was dominant under deciduous blue oak canopy, while a congener, Bromus hordeaceus, was dominant in open grassland. We examined the ...

Abstract Colonisation credit refers to the temporal lag between positive conservation actions and species' responses may be one of reasons we fail meet short‐term targets. This is particularly evident in woodlands which take decades develop harbour slow colonising species. Given global objectives increase woodland cover, it important know timeframe within colonisation will fulfilled. The plants...

Abstract Context Understanding the variability and dynamics of ecosystems, as well their responses to climate or land use change, is challenging for policy makers natural resource managers. Virtual reality (VR) can be used render virtual landscapes immersive, visceral experiences communicate ecosystem users in an effective engaging way. Objectives To illustrate potential believability VR, a tea...

Analyzing tree structural features and capturing their temporal dynamic is challenging but crucial for determining key state variables related to plant function, management practices, aboveground vegetation stocks. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) provides a mean representing those in three-dimensional space through time. Here we further developed tested two point cloud slice-based methods esti...

THÉRÈSE A. HOLTON1,2, MARK WILKINSON3, AND DAVIDE PISANI4,∗ 1Department of Biology, The National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; 2UCD Complex and Adaptive Systems Laboratory/UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science/School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; 3Department of Life Sciences, The Natural His...

Contents 1. Introduction 2. General site characteristics 3. Investigation methods 3.1. Colonization processes 3.2. Woodland development 3.3. Near-natural restoration methods 3.4. General methods and data analysis 4. Colonization processes 5. Site dependent and chronological woodland differentiation 6. General Sucessional development—an overview 7. Near-natural restoration methods 7.1. Case stud...