Paspalum dilatatum spikelets with ergot symptoms were collected from Rice Research Institute of Iran in Rasht, Guilan province during the fall of 2018. Ergot symptoms usually are caused by different Claviceps species on grasses. Sclerotia of ergot were globular in shape, black in color and irregularly roughened on the surface that resembles a brain. Different fungi were isolat...

in western countries there is a growing incidence in obesity, inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) and colorectal cancer (crc), which places an increasingly important burden on the health care system. in the current decade, changes in intestinal microflora (i.e., dysbiosis) are likely the result of environment factors such as food, lifestyle, and medications which have been shown in obesity and ibd...

abstract ascochyta blight caused by didymella rabiei is one of the most important diseases of chickpea in ilam and kermanshah provinces, iran. in order to determine the pathogenicity variation of didymella rabiei populations, infected plants in field crops of different regions of both provinces were sampled. one hundred isolates were isolated by chickpea seed meal dextrose agar media. these iso...

anthocoris nemoralis (f.) (hemiptera: anthocoridae) is one of the most prominent predators of the pear psylla, cacopsylla pyricola (forster) (hemiptera: psyllidae) and is considered as a biological control agent against this pest. in order to investigate the effects of plant varieties on predation of c. pyricola by a. nemoralis, the functional response of both the sexes of a. nemoralis to pear ...

the effect of various host plants including chickpea (varieties arman, hashem, azad and binivich), common bean (variety khomein), white kidney bean (variety dehghan), red kidney bean (variety goli), cowpea (variety mashhad), and tomato (variety meshkin) on the reproductive performance and growth indices of the cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera (hübner) was determined under laboratory condit...

laboratory experiments were conducted to understand the influence of host-finding behaviour of apanteles subandinus blanchard and orgilus lepidus muesebeck, two endoparasitoids of the potato tuber moth (ptm) phthorimaea operculella zeller (lepidop-tera: gelechiidae), in a successful biological control of the pest. responses of the two parasitoids to their host and to three host plants of the pt...