This paper presents a monolithic optical detector, consisting of an integrated photodiode and a pre-amplifier in a standard 0.18μm CMOS technology. 3Gb/s data-rate was achieved at λ=850nm with an average optical power of 25 μW and BER10. This data-rate is over half an order of magnitude higher than that of current state-of-the-art optical detectors in standard CMOS. High speed operation is achi...

In this paper, we first presented an analytically discussion about energy efficiency of Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols for Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks (WBASNs). For this purpose, different energy efficient MAC protocols with their respective energy optimization techniques; Low Power Listening (LPL), Scheduled Contention and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), are elaborated. We ...

GSM-R is predicted to be obsoletd by 2030, and a suitable successor needed. Defined the International Union of Railways, Future Railway Mobile Communication System (FRMCS) contains many future use cases with strict requirements. These should ensure regular communication not only in network coverage but also uncovered scenarios. There still lack standards on off-network FRMCS, so this article fo...

Wireless solutions for on-board communications are gaining momentum in the aerospace industry with aim to further improve flight safety, reduce aircraft costs, and lower environmental impact. Also passenger infotainment services increasingly realized a wireless way call high-rate connectivity Internet. There many issues though, including security, coexistence, power sustainability. We argue tha...

civil liability in electronic communications is one the most important issues of information and communications technology (ict) law. civil liability may be arisen from different causes such as copyright and trade mark infringement invasion of privacy and defamation. when discussing civil liability, two different civil liability systems may be considered: direct and indirect civil liability. in...

LAPSES in complete, accurate communication between caregivers when responsibility for patients is transferred or “handed off”are a major issue affecting the quality and safety of patient care. Although the primary objective of a hand-off during a transition of care is to provide accurate information about a patient’s care, current condition, and any recent or anticipated changes, unfortunately ...