This paper develops a method to determine if the United States’ Olympic sports program is improving on an individual sport basis. In addition, the probabilistic likelihood of a U.S. Olympic sports team reaching the medal podium was investigated. The research presented in this paper focuses on U.S. Men’s Ice Hockey (a head-to-head sport), ...

Athletes report frequent use of various dietary supplements (DSs). However, no study has examined DS use and antidoping knowledge in Korean Olympians. The objectives of this study were to obtain information about Korean Olympians' DS use during the training period for the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympic Games and immediately before their Olympic events, to obtain DS-intake reasons and DS providers,...

The use of drugs and ergogenic substances to augment athletic performance, commonly referred to as doping, has evolved along with sporting events. Ancient Olympic athletes consumed mushrooms, plants, and herbs in an attempt to gain a competitive edge. The modern Olympic Games made their debut in 1896, and mixtures of cocaine, ephedrine, and strychnine were used to enhance performance. Anabolic ...

During the Vienna Summer of Logic, the first FLoC Olympic Games were organized, bringing together a dozen competitions related to logic. Here we present the highlights of the Satisfiability (SAT) and Answer Set Programming (ASP)

THE OLYMPIC GAMES started in Athens, on April 6, 1896, inspired by the ancient games held in Olympia (5). After many years, the Olympic Games remain as one of the biggest events in the world. The “Olympic spirit” regards unity among people and nations, mutual respect, and the determinant role of cooperation to achieve success toward a common goal. Some of these qualities are also important in t...

Androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS) have been misused by athletes at the Olympic Games, both before and after they were prohibited in sport in 1974. Systematic doping with AAS occurred in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) from 1965 to 1989 which assisted that country to win many medals at Olympic Games, especially in female events. Currently, AAS are the most frequent category of prohibited s...

Perennial iterations of Olympic Games, and the International Committee’s (IOC) contractual obligations upon host cities, have prompted development wide-ranging educational initiatives. S...

By means of an event study of stock market reactions to the announcement of the Olympic Games host cities, we find a significant and positive announcement effect of hosting the Summer Games, with a cumulative abnormal return of about 2% within a few days. We do not find any significant results for the Winter Games. Neither do we detect a significant impact when bidders lose the competition. Our...

BACKGROUND Mass gatherings, such as the Olympic and Paralympic Games, represent an enormous logistical challenge for the host city. Health service planners must deliver routine and emergency services and, in recent Games, health legacy initiatives, for the local and visiting population. However there is little evidence to support their planning decisions. We therefore evaluated the strategic he...