Members of the collapsin response mediator protein (CRMP) family are reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of various neuronal disorders, including schizophrenia and autism. One of them, CRMP4, is reported to participate in aspects of neuronal development, such as axonal guidance and dendritic development. However, no physiological or behavioral phenotypes in Crmp4 knockout (Crmp4-KO) mic...

Olfaction, the sense of smell, is characterized by a notable age-dependency such that aging individuals are more likely to have poor olfactory abilities. These impairments considered be mostly irreversible and as having potentially profound effects on quality life food behavior, well constituting warning signs mortality, cognitive dysfunction, dementia. Here, we review current state research ol...

BACKGROUND Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) play important roles in insect olfaction. The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Delphacidae, Auchenorrhyncha, Hemiptera) is one of the most important rice pests. Its monophagy (only feeding on rice), wing form (long and short wing) variation, and annual long distance migration (seeking for rice plants of high nutrition) imply that the o...

BACKGROUND Population-based data on the relationship between impaired olfaction and risk of mortality among older adults are lacking. We used a representative cohort of adults aged 60 years or older to assess whether olfactory loss is a predictor of mortality, independent of potential confounders. METHODS Olfaction was measured by the San Diego Odor Identification Test (SDOIT) among 1,636 par...

The neuroscience of flavor perception is hence becoming increasingly important to understand food flavor perception that guides food selection, ingestion and appreciation. We recently provided evidence that rats can use the retronasal mode of olfaction, an essential element of human flavor perception. We showed that in rats, like humans, odors can acquire a taste. We and others also defined how...

Olfactory neurons have the rare property of being replaced throughout life. Factors regulating different developmental stages of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) are of great interest, because such factors might be used to extend regeneration in the post-developmental brain and spinal cord. Also, these factors may potentially be exploited to treat various smell disorders arising from changes i...

Paraquat is a bipyridilium herbicide, is a bright green corrosive liquid with pungent smell that needs to be diluted before agricultural use. Globally it is the second highest-selling weed killer used and is available in a 20% solution form.[1] Its herbicidal properties were discovered in 1950s and first marketed in 1962. Most cases of intoxication especially in third-world countries are due to...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was: (1) to perform a preliminary study for the validation of ''retronasal olfactory testing'' in the Turkish population to find the best way to evaluate smell and taste disorders in Turkey; (2) to determine if cultural differences make application of the test more difficult; and (3) to determine the flavors that participants had not yet tasted by using the surv...

Smelling monomolecular odors hardly ever occurs in everyday life, and the daily functioning of the sense of smell relies primarily on the processing of complex mixtures of volatiles that are present in the environment (e.g., emanating from food or conspecifics). Such processing allows for the instantaneous recognition and categorization of smells and also for the discrimination of odors among o...

Aside from its recognition and warning functions, olfaction serves many purposes in the CNS and remains one of the most important means of communication with the environment. In addition to olfactory tract input, the olfactory bulb also receives and provides input to other brain centers that modify neuronal activity. Research in the field of immunology as well as in various brain illnesses is b...