BACKGROUND Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is one of the major symptoms in palliative care with a prevalence of 30-50%. Methylnaltrexone for the treatment of OIC is significantly more effective than placebo, but only in about fifty percent of the patients regardless of dose increase. Dose increases cause increased toxicity without additional efficacy, and are therefore not recommended. While ...

Background/Aims Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is the most common gastrointestinal (GI) side effect to opioid treatment. Opioid receptor antagonists against OIC have been introduced, but their efficacy has not been directly compared to conventional laxatives. Our aim was to compare symptoms and objective parameters of gut function in an experimental model of OIC during treatment with the opi...

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ; (PPAR;) is a member of the nuclear receptor family that forms heterodimers with retinoid X receptor. These heterodimers bind to DNA and activate the transcription of target genes. Here, we report that the PPAR; receptor protein is expressed in primary myeloid and lymphoid leukemias and in lymphoma and myeloma cell lines. In this study, we compare...

BACKGROUND Little is known regarding the burden of opioid-induced constipation (OIC) among patients who suffer from cancer-related pain. METHODS A prospective longitudinal study was conducted among cancer patients in the United Kingdom (UK), Canada, and Germany, which included medical record data abstraction, Internet-based patient surveys, and physician surveys. Patients on daily opioid ther...

the presence of an unknown environment, have been proposed [8]. The Object Impedance Control (OIC), an extension of impedance control, has been developed for multiple robotic arms manipulating a common object [9]. The OIC enforces a designated impedance not of an individual manipulator endpoint, but of the manipulated object itself. A combination of feedforward and feedback controls is employed...

BACKGROUND Concerns about false-positive HIV results led to a review of testing procedures used in a Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) HIV programme in Bukavu, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. In addition to the WHO HIV rapid diagnostic test algorithm (RDT) (two positive RDTs alone for HIV diagnosis) used in voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) sites we evaluated in situ a practical field-...

In order to define the effect of a side chain hydroxy group on bile acid (BA) physicochemical and biological properties, 23-hydroxylated bile acids were synthesized following a new efficient route involving the alpha-oxygenation of silylalkenes. 22-Hydroxylated bile acids were also studied. The synthesized bile acids included R and S epimers of 3 alpha,7 alpha,23-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oic...

Gross, Eric R., Anna K. Hsu, and Garrett J. Gross. The JAK/STAT pathway is essential for opioid-induced cardioprotection: JAK2 as a mediator of STAT3, Akt, and GSK-3 . Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 291: H827–H834, 2006. First published March 3, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00003.2006.—We examined the role for the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in acute opioid-induced cardioprotection (OIC) and whet...

Bile formation and its canalicular secretion are essential functions of the mammalian liver. The sister-of-p-glycoprotein (spgp) gene was shown to encode the canalicular bile salt export protein, and mutations in spgp gene were identified as the cause of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2. However, target inactivation of spgp gene in mice results in nonprogressive but persiste...

The Fritillaria imperialis is an ornamental flower that can be found in various parts of the world including Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and the Himalayas. The use of this plant as traditional remedy is widely known. This study aims to unveil the anti-cancer potentials of Isopimara-7,15-Dien-19-Oic Acid, extracted from the bulbs of F. imperialis in cervical cancer cell line, HeLa cells. Flow c...