In IP over WDM networks, optical paths (OP’s) form a virtual topology seen from the upper IP layer, and greatly relieve the burden of electronic processing thanks to optical bypasses. However, in contrast to the circuit-switching, connection-oriented and coarser OP’s, the IP is packet-switching, connectionless and finely granular in nature. Special care should be taken in the control plane to b...

The rate of access to electricity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is just 42 %. private market for household-scale off-grid solar (OGS) products (pico and home systems) regarded as a key tool increasing SSA. However, the growing volume unabated waste from OGS poses significant environmental risk. Based on systematic literature review 52 papers, dynamics SSA's market, drivers waste, health impaction...

OBJECTIVE To examine a large UK cohort of patients with postural tachycardia syndrome (PoTS), to compare demographic characteristics, symptoms and treatment of PoTS at one centre compared to the largest patient group PoTS UK and to verify if their functional limitation is similar to patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). DESIGN A cross-sectional study assessed the frequency of symptoms...

Abstract The gravitational force controls the evolution of Universe on several scales. It is responsible for formation galaxies from primordial matter distribution and planets solar nebulae. Because singular has infinite range, making predictions based fully three-dimensional models may be challenging. One-dimensional (1D) Newtonian gravity were proposed as toy understanding dynamics systems. T...

The article presents an analysis of existing approaches to ensuring integrated security at industrial enterprises. This research is focused on the use interdisciplinary approach in its provision enterprises oil and gas sector (OGS) Russia. In article, author a methodology developed for Russian form comparative model flexible developing system reduce various types damage. aim study solve scienti...

Abstract In this paper, thermo-hydro-mechanically (THM) coupled processes triggered during the construction, operation and closure of a deep geological repository for heat generating, high level radioactive waste are discussed based on generic disposal concept. For purpose, we using numerical non-isothermal two-phase–two-component flow in deformable porous media (TH 2 M) implementation (Grunwal...