We empirically analyze the effects of monetary policy shocks on real fixed investment using panel data on Japanese manufacturing firms to examine the existence of a balance sheet channel. We find that contractionary monetary policy statistically significantly increases the firms’ liquidity constraint. Especially, the smaller the firm size, the greater the effects of contractionary monetary poli...

We quantify the effects of lending and balance sheet channels on corporate investment during large crises in emerging markets. The depreciated currency creates investment opportunities in the tradable sector but firms might be financially constrained due to: 1) a deterioration of their balance sheet via un-hedged foreign currency debt (balance sheet channel) and 2) a decline in the supply of cr...

The current state of balance of the terrestrial ice sheets and glaciers is poorly known. What little data are available suggest that, worldwide, mountain glaciers have receded since about the mid-nineteenth century, with occasional interruptions of the retreat. The interior part of the Greenland ice sheet appears to be thickening or in near equilibrium, but this ice sheet may be thinning in the...

In fact, looking only at the level of an individual bank's balance sheet, the analysis and evaluation of risk exposures have become considerably more complex. First, technology and modeling advances have added complex products to banks' traditional exposures thereby complicating risk evaluation. Second, the evolution of banking activities and business strategies has meant that the credit risk o...

The real macroeconomic instability and frequent changes in the monetary and banking regulations with financial contagion to the banks’ financial statements in the banking network of Iran cause intensified instabilities in its financial behaviors. In this paper, using statistical analysis and three-dimensional charts, we have analyzed the behavior of the financial statements of consolidated bala...

In the current politico-economic context made unstable by the coming up of several different conflicts, it is interesting to deal with the use and the development of models. Indeed, it is necessary to pay special attention to projections obtained with current models because parameters are often estimated with data which no longer reflect the economic context they have to describe. Moreover, a m...

BACKGROUND Accurate assessment of physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) among adolescents is important for surveillance, evaluating interventions, and understanding the relation between energy balance and normal physiological and behavioral growth and development. The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of the Short Questionnaire to Assess Health-Enhancing Physical Activity ...