The purpose of this study, which comprised 2 experiments, was to investigate cognitive effects on odor perception. An odor was presented using an olfactometer. In Experiment 1 ("continuous" presentation), anethole, an odor unfamiliar to most Japanese individuals, was presented continuously for 1 session (20 min), whereas in Experiment 2 ("intermittent" presentation), odor stimuli were presented...

INTRODUCTION Smell identification deficits are associated with negative symptoms in schizophrenia, particularly in males. Far less information is known about the relationship of odor detection sensitivity (acuity) and negative symptoms in schizophrenia, and currently there is a dearth in sex-stratified research specifically examining odor sensitivity and smell identification. METHODS Fifty-ei...

This study aimed to determine 1) whether certain background sounds can be matched with specific odors and 2) whether the background sounds can increase pleasantness for their congruent odors. In Experiment 1, congruent sounds increased odor pleasantness, but not odor intensity, significantly more than incongruent sounds. Experiment 2 demonstrated that certain background sounds can be paired wit...

Odors elicit spatiotemporal patterns of activity in the brain. Spatial patterns arise from the specificity of the interaction between odorants and odorant receptors expressed in different olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), but the origin of temporal patterns of activity and their role in odor coding remain unclear. We investigate how physiological aspects of ORN response and physical aspects of...

The stimulus integration time of lobster olfactory receptor cells in situ was determined using extracellularly recorded spiking responses from receptor cells and on-line high-resolution measurement of odor square pulses. At a fixed odor concentration, odor steps of 200 ms duration elicited maximum responses; shorter odor steps did not drive the cells to their maximum response and longer odor st...

We performed simultaneous single-neuron recordings from the hippocampus and the olfactory bulb of anesthetized, freely breathing rats. Odor response properties of neurons in the olfactory bulb and hippocampus were characterized as firing rate changes or respiration-coupled changes. A panel of five odors was used. The rats had not been exposed to the odors on the panel before the experiment. The...

Postnatal olfactory learning produces both a conditioned behavioral response and a modified olfactory bulb neural response to the learned odor. The present report describes the role of norepinephrine (NE) on both of these learned responses in neonatal rat pups. Pups received olfactory classical conditioning training from postnatal days (PN) 1-18. Training consisted of 18 trials with an intertri...

Experience shapes both central olfactory system function and odor perception. In piriform cortex, odor experience appears critical for synthetic processing of odor mixtures, which contributes to perceptual learning and perceptual acuity, as well as contributing to memory for events and/or rewards associated with odors. Here, we examined the effect of odor fear conditioning on piriform cortical ...

The Missouri Air Conservation Commission regulations include regulations that limit the amount of acceptable odor from confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs). The regulations concerning odor designate the use of a scentometer as a screening tool. The rules dictate that if an odor is detectable by an investigator at a dilution ratio of 5.4 using a scentometer then an air sample should be col...

A new study which combined associative memory tests with functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain has identified a potential neural correlate of the special association that is formed when an odor is first paired with a visual object. Odor memories in humans are likely to be processed by a separate memory system with distinctive features that make odor memories different from visual o...