Current models of the ocular motor system are usually presented in their most reduced form, are unilateral in architecture, and precise yoking is presumed. Although this simplifies the models, it does not accurately simulate the actual neuroanatomy and limits the models to simple, stereotyped responses. Studies of normal humans and monkeys have demonstrated striking disconjugacies in normal res...

Patients with multiple sclerosis commonly describe visual symptoms that result from several eye movement abnormalities that occur from disruption of critical pathways in the brainstem, cerebellum, and cerebral hemispheres. These abnormalities include internuclear ophthalmoplegia, ocular motor palsy, ocular misalignment, pathologic nystagmus, impaired saccades, saccadic intrusions, and impaired ...

Ocular neuromyotonia in the muscles innervated by the right oculomotor nerve was diagnosed in a patient without a history of radiation therapy. Electromyography of the levator palpebrae showed continuous motor unit activity. Brain MRI disclosed a close contact between the right third cranial nerve and a basilar artery dolichoectasia. The patient partly benefited from carbamazepine therapy. This...

Smooth-pursuit eye tracking abnormalities have been consistently observed among schizophrenia patients and their relatives (Iacono and Clementz 1993; Levy et al 1993). Using a statistical technique called mixture analysis, recent studies have demonstrated that distributions of both the patients' and their relatives' ocular motor data are best characterized by two distinct components (Blackwood ...

Mice carrying mutations of the gene encoding the ion pore of the P/Q calcium channel (Cacna1a) are an instance in which cerebellar dysfunction may be attributable to altered electrophysiology and thus provide an opportunity to study how neuronal intrinsic properties dictate signal processing in the ocular motor system. P/Q channel mutations can engender multiple effects at the single neuron, ci...

Infantile nystagmus syndrome (INS), formerly known as congenital nystagmus, is an ocular motor disorder in humans characterized by spontaneous eye oscillations (SOs) and, in several cases, reversed optokinetic response (OKR). Its etiology and pathomechanism is largely unknown, but misrouting of the optic nerve has been observed in some patients. Likewise, optic nerve misrouting, a reversed OKR ...

Studies dealing with developmental aspects of binocular eye movement behavior during reading are scarce. In this study we have explored binocular strategies during reading and visual search tasks in a large population of dyslexic and typical readers. Binocular eye movements were recorded using a video-oculography system in 43 dyslexic children (aged 8-13) and in a group of 42 age-matched typica...

PURPOSE To demonstrate that high-resolution biometry is possible in mouse eyes in vivo, using real-time OCT with focal plane advancement by a stepper motor. METHODS OCT images of eyes were taken from nine 29-day-old C57BL/6 mice(18 eyes) on two consecutive days. A custom-built real-time OCT instrument with a stepper motor was used to advance the focal plane from the corneal apex to the retina...

The ocular motor system consists of three nerves which innervate six muscles to control eye movements. In humans, defective development of this system leads to eye movement disorders, such as Duane Retraction Syndrome, which can result from mutations in the α2-chimaerin signaling molecule. We have used the zebrafish to model the role of α2-chimaerin during development of the ocular motor system...

BACKGROUND Radiation therapy is often used in the treatment of pituitary tumor. Diplopia due to radiation damage to the ocular motor cranial nerves has been infrequently reported as a complication in this clinical setting. METHODS Retrospective case series of 6 patients (3 men and 3 women) with pituitary adenoma, all of whom developed diplopia following transsphenoidal resection of pituitary ...