In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), ocular involvement is common (prevalence up to 30%) but extremely varied.The most common manifestation is keratoconjunctivitis sicca (in about 25%). Though posterior segment disease is not uncommon, choroidal involvement and optic neuropathy are rare. Visual loss from neuro-ophthalmic involvement is often due to lupus optic neuropathy. Less than five perce...

IMPORTANCE In some patients, hydroxychloroquine ocular toxicity may progress even following cessation of therapy. Any leverage the clinician may use to allow earlier detection may avert significant vision loss. OBSERVATION We report three cases suggesting that bull's eye maculopathy seen on near-infrared reflectance with a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope could be an early, objective ma...

A 33-year-old man with a history of tick bites presented with bursts of involuntary horizontal conjugate saccades, myoclonic head jerks, and truncal ataxia. A cerebral MRI was normal, and no antineuronal antibodies were found (anti-Hu, anti-Yo, anti-Ri). Despite negative serum antibodies for Borrelia burgdorferi, acute neuroborreliosis was suspected because of lymphocytic mild meningitis (19 wh...

CLINICAL CASE An 18 year-old-woman presented with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and ptosis in her left eye. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) and the study of cerebrospinal fluid detected no abnormalities. Colonoscopy revealed a Crohn's disease (CD) confirmed by histological examination of biopsies. Ocular symptoms improved after appropriate treatment of the underlying CD. DISCUSSION Infl...

Unilateral carotid cavernous fistula presents with ipsilateral ocular findings. Bilateral presentation is only seen in bilateral fistulas, usually associated with indirect (dural) carotid cavernous fistulas. Direct carotid cavernous fistulas are an abnormal communication between the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. They typically begin with a traumatic disruption in the artery w...

BACKGROUND Ocular involvement in HIV infection/AIDS is very common and it includes various clinical presentations which may be asymptomatic or atypical or they may be the initial manifestations of the underlying disease. The severity of these lesions increases as the immune competency decreases, leading to visual impairment or blindness. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine th...

Background.  Tuberculosis is a disease with continued worldwide prevalence, morbidity, and mortality. Tuberculosis-associated ocular inflammation (TB-AOI) is a manifestation that can occur with pulmonary or extrapulmonary TB. Evaluation of these ocular presentations and treatment in the United States are limited. Our objective was to describe cases in an urban area and assess the role of the in...

BACKGROUND Snake envenomation is a major public health problem of the Savannah regions of West Africa. Ocular manifestations of snakebites are rare with few reports documenting blindness as a complication. OBJECTIVE To highlight an unusual manifestation of snake bites and its attendant problems. METHODS A report of scalp haematoma and blindness in a 10 year old child presenting 2 weeks afte...

ocular involvement is seen in approximately 25% of patients with sarcoidosis. uveitis is the most common ocular manifestation, but sarcoidosis may involve any part of the eye. orbital manifestations of sarcoidosis are uncommon with few series in the literature. a 65-year-old woman presented with redness of the right eye and painless, unilateral eyelid swelling. orbital scanning revealed mass in...

Pseudotumor cerebri as a presenting manifestation of neurosarcoidosis is rare. This case reported herein had pseudotumor cerebri secondary to dural sinus thrombosis as a presenting feature of neurosarcoidosis without known systemic sarcoidosis. Proper systemic steroid therapy resulted in ocular and systemic recovery. Neurosarcoidosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pseudot...