Ocular neovascularization is a central feature of diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. These conditions are the major causes of blindness in the developed world. Current treatments are of limited efficacy and associated with significant adverse effects. Characterization of the molecular and cellular events involved in angiogenesis has led to the identification of a number ...

Lipids contain hydrocarbons and are the building blocks of cells. Lipids can naturally form themselves into nano-films and nano-structures, micelles, reverse micelles, and liposomes. Micelles or reverse micelles are monolayer structures, whereas liposomes are bilayer structures. Liposomes have been recognized as carriers for drug delivery. Solid lipid nanoparticles and lipoplex (liposome-polyca...

Diseases or disorders affecting the posterior segment of the eye, such as diabetic retinopathy, age related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa, are the leading causes of decreased visual acuity and blindness. Successful treatment modalities require generation and maintenance of therapeutically effective drug concentrations at the target sites: vitreous, retina and/or choroid. Drug de...

Topical application of eyedrops has been mainly used for treatment of ocular diseases. After instillation of an eyedrop, less than 5% of the applied dose reaches the intraocular tissues. Rapid loss of the instilled solution from the precorneal area and poor cornea1 penetration of the drug results in low ocular bioavailability. However, ocular absorption of a drug can be improved by increasing i...

One inch or less. That is the short distance an ocular drug must travel to reach a target site at the back of the eye. Research has come a long way over the past 4 decades in efforts to make this inch-long journey more successful. Delivering ocular drugs to their target tissues often requires them to traverse the fat-water-fat structure of the corneal barrier while ensuring minimum wastage thro...

„Ocular drug delivery is one of the most interesting and challenging endeavours facing the pharmaceutical scientist...The anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of the eye render this organ exquisitely impervious to foreign substances...The challenge to the formulator is to outwit the protective barriers of the eye without causing permanent tissue damage...The ancient ophthalmic solutions, suspen...

Current glaucoma management modalities are hindered by low patient compliance and adherence. This can be due to highly complex treatment strategies or poor patient understanding. Treatments focus on the management or reduction of intraocular pressure. This is most commonly done through the use of daily topical eye drops. Unfortunately, despite effective therapies, glaucoma continues to progress...

Transport of drugs applied by traditional dosage forms is restricted to the eye, and therapeutic drug concentrations in the target tissues are not maintained for a long duration since the eyes are protected by a unique anatomy and physiology. For the treatment of the anterior segment of the eye, various droppable products to prolong the retention time on the ocular surface have been introduced ...

An inch or less. That is the short distance an ocular drug must travel to reach a target site at the back of the eye. Research has traveled a long way over the past 4 decades in efforts to make this inch-long journey more successful. Delivering ocular drugs to their target tissues often requires them to traverse the fatwater-fat structure of the corneal barrier, while ensuring minimum wastage t...

Ocular films of pefloxacin mesylate were prepared with the objectives of reducing the frequency of administration, to improve patient compliance, obtaining controlled release and greater therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of eye infections such as conjunctivitis, keratitis, kerato conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers etc. Polymers such as HPC, HPMC, PVP and PVA were used in different ratios to pre...