chelating is the chemical process by which a mineral (iron, cobalt, copper, zinc, and manganese) is combined with a mixture of amino acids and peptides. the resulting substances are known as chelates. another descriptive term, proteinates, refers to the amino acid bond. these chelated minerals are thought to be more digestible than nonchelated forms. in other words, chelation makes the minerals...

background and objectives: in the original in vitro method for evaluation of iron bioavailability using caco-2 cell model, ferritin formation by cells is considered as a functional indicator of both absorption and utilization of iron. however, as iron is measured in the tested material and then ferritin concentration is measured in caco-2 cell lysate, it is almost impossible to have a concrete ...

several plant extracts and phytoconstituents, despite having excellent bioactivity in vitro, demonstrate less or no in vivo actions due to their poor lipid solubility or improper molecular size or destruction in gut. drug delivery system for polyphenolic phytoconstituents (phytosomes) was prepared by complexing polyphenolic phytoconstituents with phospholipid mainly phosphatidylcholine which bi...

A 65–yrs-old man referred for an ocular discomfort and red eye. The clinical diagnosis was leech in the left eye and its species confirmed as being Limnatis nilotica. Ocular leech infestation should be considered in patients with a history of swimming or washing their face in streams and lakes. Attention should also be given to ocular leech infestation in the differential diagnosis of ocular tr...

Aims: To assess the ocular bioavailability of fluorescein from a novel water free, freeze dried ophthalmic drug delivery system compared to conventional preservativefree fluorescein eye drops. Methods: Sodium fluorescein 0.17% was dissolved in an aqueous solution of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose 1.0% (HPMC), deposited on sterilised flexible hydrophobic poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) carrier s...

objective(s): ketotifen fumarate (kf) is a selective and noncompetitive histamine antagonist (h1-receptor) that is used topically in the treatment of allergic conditions of rhinitis and conjunctivitis. the aim of this study was to formulate and improve an ophthalmic delivery system of kf.ocular nanoparticles were prepared with the objective of reducing the frequency of administration and obtain...

Background: Tolmetin (Tol) is a pyrrole acetic acid derivative that acts as a highly effective topical anti-inflammatory agent. Topical administration of Tol is effective for the management of ocular inflammations.The aim of this study was to formulate and improve a topical ophthalmic delivery system of Tol. Materials and methods: In the present study, ocular inserts of Tol were prepared using ...

curcumin is a hydrophobic polyphenol and major bioactive component of turmeric with known anti-inflammatory, neurogenesis, antioxidant, and anti-carcinogenic effect. curcumin antagonizes many steps in the inflammatory cascade, including inhibition of nf-κb (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated b cells), activator protein-1 transcription and inos (induced nitric oxide synthases...