OpenMath aims at providing a universal means of communicating mathematical information between applications. In this paper we present a global description of OpenMath as well as some exemplary scenarios involving its use. Through examination of these scenarios we nd a list of requirements leading to suggestions regarding structure and implementation of OpenMath.

Norway Qualitative information and misunderstandings in decision making An alphabet soup is a soup made with alphabet shaped noodles. It is commonly used as a metaphor for an abundance of abbreviations or acronyms. In this paper it is used to characterize project objectives that are nonsensical or misguiding and therefore of no use. Experience suggests that even though we might have a clear ide...

In the last decade, theory of constraint application in project management lead to make a new approach for project scheduling and control as a critical chain. In this paper, a multi-objective optimization model for multi-project scheduling on critical chain is investigated. The objectives include time, cost and quality. In order to solve the problem, a Simulated Annealing algorithm is developed...

This paper proposes a Trust-Region Based Augmented Method (TRALM) to solve a combined Environmental and Economic Power Dispatch (EEPD) problem. The EEPD problem is a multi-objective problem with competing and non-commensurable objectives. The TRALM produces a set of non-dominated Pareto optimal solutions for the problem. Fuzzy set theory is employed to extract a compromise non-dominated sol...

The NIPS 2008 workshop on causality provided a forum for researchers from different horizons to share their view on causal modeling and address the difficult question of assessing causal models. There has been a vivid debate on properly separating the notion of causality from particular models such as graphical models, which have been dominating the field in the past few years. Part of the work...

This chapter develops a unified modeling framework for analyzing the strategic behavior of forecasters. The theoretical model encompasses reputational objectives, competition for the best accuracy, and bias. Also drawing from the extensive literature on analysts, we review the empirical evidence on strategic forecasting and illustrate how our model can be structurally estimated.

Clouds and aerosols are known to play crucial roles in the climate system; however, they are also main sources of uncertainty in our knowledge, and especially large efforts are needed to evaluate their interactions (IPCC 2007). The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is carrying out the EarthCARE (Earth Clouds, Aerosols, and Radiation Explorer) mission in cooperation with the European Spa...

If one considers what the majority of the graduates of our medical schools do in their professional lives, the answer is, of course, that which is termed "general practice." Therefore, the objective of a medical education, it is customarily assumed, is that which will develop the best general practitioner. Of course, the qualities required of him are well recognized, but their relative importan...