empirical evidence seems to indicate that economic growth has varied inversely with natural resource abundance across countries, in which high natural resources dependent economies experience the low economic growth. this paper first reviews the literature of resources curse and shows that the most important challenges of economic development of iran are those mechanisms that change the blessin...

Human Capital and the Size Distribution of Firms Countries that have relatively fewer workers with a secondary education have smaller firms. The shortage of skilled workers limits the growth of more productive firms. Two factors influence the availability of skilled workers: i) the education level of the workforce and ii) large public sectors that predominantly hire individuals with a better ed...

of severe pain in his abdomen. The bowels have not been moved since. Previous to this he had always enjoyed go'jd health. O11 admission he was found in a miserable state ; the abdomen was hard, tympanitic and painful to the touch ; he had vomiting, hiccup and an anxious countenance. The tongue was foul, and thickly coated all over with a dry white fur. There was no rupture. A soap and warm wate...

The model presented in this paper distinguishes an industrial and an agricultural sector within a developing economy. Environmental degradation results from the overexploitation of a renewable resource due to a common pool externality, which causes agricultural productivity to decline. The model considers a di erentiated peasantry where land ownership and savings behaviour di er across income c...

We estimate a unified measure of inclusive growth for emerging markets by integrating their economic growth performance and income distribution outcomes, using data over three decades. Country distributions are calibrated by combining PPP GDP per capita and income distribution from survey data. We apply the microeconomic concept of a social mobility function at the macroeconomic level to measur...

Using different combinations of culture, development and openness to international trade, we test the variability in the incidences of corruption at different stages of development or in other words the non-linearities in the relationship between corruption and development. We employ formal threshold model developed by Hansen (2000), and unlike the existing literature, we find that: (1) non-lin...

Among the rich economies of the world today, per capita output levels had diverged before converging to the per capita output level of the frontier economy. Since frontier economies have grown at stable rates, non-frontier economies display an S-shape aggregate transition path. Along this transition, there are “catapult e¤ects”: longer episodes of divergence are associated with faster subsequen...

There are large differences in income per capita across countries. Growth accounting finds that a large part of the differences comes from the differences in total factor productivity (TFP). This paper explores whether barrier to entry is an important factor for the cross-country differences in TFP. The paper develops a new model to link entry barriers and technology adoption. In the model, hig...

This paper empirically studies the effect of remittances on growth volatility. Using a panel of 60 countries over the period 1980-2004 the results suggest that remittances reduce growth volatility in environment with low level of financial development. This stabilizing effect of remittances is nonlinear i.e. it decreases with the level of remittances. The results also suggest that the dampening...

Constitutions and Economic Development: Evidence from the American Indian Nations This paper presents an empirical examination of economic and institutional development. Utilizing a novel data set on American Indian tribal nations, we investigate how constitutional design affects economic development, while holding the broader legal and political environment fixed. Instrumental variables regres...