The Okada & Samreth (2012, EL) and Asongu (2012, EB; 2013, EEL) debate on ‘the effect of foreign aid on corruption’ has had an important influence in policy and academic circles. This paper provides a unifying framework by using investment and fiscal behavior transmission channels in 53 African countries for the period 1996-2010. Findings unite the two streams of the debate and broadly suggest ...

This paper considers a developing nation that faces a foreign exchange shortage and hence its demand for foreign goods is limited both by its income and its foreign exchange balance. Availability of international credit relaxes the second constraint. We develop a simple model of strategic interaction between lending institutions and firms, and show that the availability of international credit ...

This paper documents a significant impact of climate variation on urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa, primarily in arid countries. By lowering farm incomes, reduced moisture availability encourages migration to nearby cities, while wetter conditions slow it. The paper also provides evidence for ruralurban income linkages. In countries with a larger industrial base, reduced moisture shrinks the ...

A double-antibody sandwich method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to detect lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from the eight most prevalent Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotypes (O1, O2,5,16, O3, O4, O6, O9, O10, and O11). Immunoglobulin M fractions from rabbit antisera were used as the coating antibody and as the antibody to be conjugated to an enzyme. When two fractions of LPS (I and II...

Democratic capitalism has become the popular paradigm in the modern world, and it is spreading further through globalization. It is a model based on growth, expansion and constant innovation. However, it is accompanied by social problems which may worsen despite overall gains in wealth. In this paper, we suggest that democratic capitalist societies may benefit from the application of what has b...

The present work was conducted to compare the occurrence of Escherichia coli possessing virulence and ESBL genes in backyard and farmed poultry. Three hundred and sixty samples from the poultry kept in backyard system and 120 samples from the farmed birds were collected from West Bengal, India. Among the E. coli isolates of backyard poultry (O2, O10, O25, O55, O60, O106, UT), none of them posse...

Abstract In this paper, we mobilize newly available historical series from the World Inequality Database to construct world income distribution estimates 1820 2020. We find that level of global inequality has always been very large, reflecting persistence a highly hierarchical economic system. Global increased between and 1910, in context rise Western dominance colonial empires, then stabilized...