Articular cartilage is avascular. Nutrients are transported to the cells mainly by diffusion from the synovial fluid. Nutrient transport is also sometimes thought to be assisted by movement of fluid in and out of cartilage in response to cyclic loading of the tissue ('pumping'). The influence of pumping on transport of solutes through cartilage was measured by subjecting plugs of human femoral ...

B acteria had been around long before multi-cellular eukaryotes evolved and quickly began to colonize these new life forms as another suitable habitat and potential source of nutrients. Nearly all higher organisms across taxa now have bacterial communities living on and within them—from mutually beneficial symbioses to antagonistic parasitic conflicts. They have co-evolved with their microbiota...

BACKGROUND Shortages in fresh water supplies today affects more than 1 billion people worldwide. Phytoremediation strategies, based on the abilities of aquatic plants to recycle nutrients offer an attractive solution for the bioremediation of water pollution and represents one of the most globally researched issues. The subsequent application of the biomass from the remediation for the producti...

Sunflower is an important oilseed crop in India earning lot of revenue. Research on nutritional aspects relating to sunflower cultivation is abundant and is documented comprehensively. However, the role of major nutrients on crop physiology and the effect of these nutrients on growth and yield of oilseed crops in general and sunflower in particular are scanty. Particularly, the role of phosphor...

With the advent of present-day tools and techniques of analysis, it is possible and practical to measure accurately the essential trace element content of human foods. Although this is a major step forward in assessing nutrient needs and status, an important unknown remains. To meet nutritional requirements it is important to know not only the quantity consumed but the proportion of that consum...

Because of the rapid rate of anabolic processes and brain growth, no patient faces a more critical need for optimal nutrition than the low birthweight (LBW) infant. Nutritional requirements of these infants, however, remain unclear. Much of the controversy centers on the question: How fast should they grow? The Committee on Nutrition of the American Academy of Pediatrics (1) has stated that: "T...

Restitution of normal fat absorption in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency remains an elusive goal. Although many patients achieve satisfactory clinical results with enzyme therapy, few experience normalization of fat absorption, and many, if not most, will require individualized therapy. Increasing the quantity of lipase administered rarely eliminates steatorrhea but increases the cost of thera...

BACKGROUND Resistant starch (RS) has attracted interest because of its effects in the colon and implications for health. Knowledge of how RS influences small-intestinal absorption of nutrients, sterol metabolism, and colonic fermentation is sparse. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to measure the effect of RS(2), a type of RS in banana flour, on the ileal excretion of energy, nutri...

The rumen is lined on the luminal side by a stratified squamous epithelium that is responsible for not only absorption, but also transport, extensive short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism and protection. Butyrate has been demonstrated to initiate the differentiation of the tissue following introduction of solid feed to the weaning neonate as well as affecting the metabolism of other nutrient...

The use of dark septate fungi (DSE) to promote plant growth can be beneficial to agriculture, and these organisms are important allies in the search for sustainable agriculture practices. This study investigates the contribution of dark septate fungi to the absorption of nutrients by rice plants and their ensuing growth. Four dark septate fungi isolates that were identified by Internal transcri...