Aim—We examined the eVect of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory interleukins on jejunal nutrient transport and expression of the sodium-glucose linked cotransporter (SGLT-1). Methods—3-O-methyl glucose and L-proline transport rates were examined in New Zealand White rabbit stripped, short circuited jejunal tissue. The eVects of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1á, IL-6, and IL-...

Various features of a landscape contribute to the regulating ecosystem service of reducing waterborne pollutant loading to downstream environments. At local scales, wetlands have been shown to be effective in retaining pollutants. Here, we investigate the landscape-scale contribution to pollutant retention provided by multiple wetlands. We develop a general analytical model which shows that the...

The upregulation of autophagosome formation in response to nutrient deprivation requires significant intracellular membrane rearrangements that are poorly understood. Recent findings have implicated COPII-coated vesicles, well known as ER-Golgi cargo transport carriers, as key players in macroautophagy. The role of COPII vesicles in macroautophagy and how they interact with autophagy-related (A...

In situ growth of bacteria in a porous medium can alter the permeability of that media. This article reveals that the rate of permeability alteration can be controlled by the inoculation strategy, nutrient concentrations, and injection rates. Based on experimental observations a phenomenological model has been developed to describe the inoculation of the porous medium, the in situ growth of bac...

Copper plays a dual role as a nutrient and a toxin during bacterial infections. While uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains can use the copper-binding metallophore yersiniabactin (Ybt) to resist copper toxicity, Ybt also converts bioavailable copper to Cu(II)-Ybt in low-copper conditions. Although E. coli have long been considered to lack a copper import pathway, we observed Ybt-mediate...

To study the effects of source-sink ratio and nutrient supply on photosynthetic acclimation to CO(2) elevation, we subjected white birch seedlings to two levels of nutrient supply (high vs. low) and CO(2) concentrations (ambient vs. doubled [CO(2)]) for two months and then shaded the lower canopy on half of the seedlings to reduce source/sink ratio for an additional month. The CO(2) elevation s...

In this study, water and nutrient uptake from the substrate and responses of the crop to fertigation strategies were analysed. In an experiment and simulation study, the amount and frequency of fertigation and electrical conductivity (EC) of the fertigation water were changed for a tomato crop grown on rockwool. In a climate chamber, tomato plants were grown on rockwool while five different EC ...