The back projection method is a tremendously powerful technique for investigating the time dependent earthquake source, but its physical interpretation elusive. We investigate how rupture heterogeneity and directivity can affect back-projection results (imaged location beam power) using synthetic models. Rather than attempting to model dynamics of any specific real earthquake, we use idealized ...

in this note we characterize polynomial numerical hulls of matrices $a in m_n$ such that$a^2$ is hermitian. also, we consider normal matrices $a in m_n$ whose $k^{th}$ power are semidefinite. for such matriceswe show that $v^k(a)=sigma(a)$.

Abstract A vast amount of analogue seismograms recorded between the end nineteenth century and late twentieth are often inaccessible for seismological research since they not available as digital time series. This manuscript describes freely software, DigitSeis, that takes a image an seismic record returns waveforms either function their x-y position on or time–amplitude information. The overal...

Abstract Indonesia has high level of seismic activity, so determining magnitude an earthquake is important in the Earthquake Early Warning System. In System, parameter must be estimated earlier, that warnings can disseminated before S and surface waves arrive. previous studies machine learning technology used to recognized events extract hidden information with massive datasets. This study was ...

The Potwar sub-basin is an important hydrocarbon producing zone of the Upper Indus basin and has significant oil gas potential. Balkassar area main field mainly produced from Eocene carbonates. Chorgali Formation age reservoir rock in this area. Structurally, complicated, surface features often do not reflect subsurface structures. This due to presence detachments at different levels. In such c...